Exploring Hedonic and Eudaimonic Items of Well-Being in Mediterranean and Non-Mediterranean Countries: Influence of Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors

Increased understanding of subjective well-being (SWB), as well as factors that influence it, are essential to enhance well-being at the individual and national level. We have applied a hedonic and eudaimonic 9-item composed tool (SWB score) to measure SWB across several Mediterranean (MED) and non-...

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Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 19; no. 3; p. 1715
Main Authors Andrade, Vanda, Quarta, Stefano, Tagarro, Marta, Miloseva, Lence, Massaro, Marika, Chervenkov, Mihail, Ivanova, Teodora, Jorge, Rui, Maksimova, Viktorija, Smilkov, Katarina, Ackova, Darinka Gjorgieva, Ruskovska, Tatjana, Philippou, Elena, Deligiannidou, Georgia Eirini, Kontogiorgis, Christos A, Conesa, María-Teresa García, Pinto, Paula
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 02.02.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Adult
Body mass index
Diet
Diet, Mediterranean
Emotions
Habits
Health Status
Humans
Life Style
Lifestyles
Measuring instruments
Multiple regression models
Psychological factors
Questionnaires
Sociodemographics
Surveys and Questionnaires
Portugal
Spain
Mediterranean
eudaimonic well-being
hedonic well-being
life satisfaction
lifestyle habits
subjective well-being
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Abstract Increased understanding of subjective well-being (SWB), as well as factors that influence it, are essential to enhance well-being at the individual and national level. We have applied a hedonic and eudaimonic 9-item composed tool (SWB score) to measure SWB across several Mediterranean (MED) and non-Mediterranean (non-MED) countries, and to explore the association between the SWB score and a range of sociodemographic, health and Mediterranean lifestyle factors. A specifically designed web-based questionnaire was distributed to adult participants (N = 2400) from Spain, Italy, Portugal, Bulgaria and Republic of North Macedonia. Results showed that the SWB score was significantly different across the examined countries with the MED participants displaying slightly higher average scores than the non-MED ones (6.3 ± 1.5 vs. 6.1 ± 1.6, = 0.002). Several sociodemographic, health status and lifestyle factors displayed a significant but limited association with the 9-item SWB score, with a multiple regression model explaining around 17% of the variance. Nevertheless, our results support that a closer adherence to Mediterranean lifestyle habits-the Mediterranean Diet, spending time with friends, family, and in nature, being active, and getting adequate rest at night-has a positive influence on the 9-item SWB score. Further research is needed to advance the understanding of the measuring and differentiating of SWB across different populations and to establish all the factors that influence it.
AbstractList Increased understanding of subjective well-being (SWB), as well as factors that influence it, are essential to enhance well-being at the individual and national level. We have applied a hedonic and eudaimonic 9-item composed tool (SWB score) to measure SWB across several Mediterranean (MED) and non-Mediterranean (non-MED) countries, and to explore the association between the SWB score and a range of sociodemographic, health and Mediterranean lifestyle factors. A specifically designed web-based questionnaire was distributed to adult participants (N = 2400) from Spain, Italy, Portugal, Bulgaria and Republic of North Macedonia. Results showed that the SWB score was significantly different across the examined countries with the MED participants displaying slightly higher average scores than the non-MED ones (6.3 ± 1.5 vs. 6.1 ± 1.6, p = 0.002). Several sociodemographic, health status and lifestyle factors displayed a significant but limited association with the 9-item SWB score, with a multiple regression model explaining around 17% of the variance. Nevertheless, our results support that a closer adherence to Mediterranean lifestyle habits—the Mediterranean Diet, spending time with friends, family, and in nature, being active, and getting adequate rest at night—has a positive influence on the 9-item SWB score. Further research is needed to advance the understanding of the measuring and differentiating of SWB across different populations and to establish all the factors that influence it.
Increased understanding of subjective well-being (SWB), as well as factors that influence it, are essential to enhance well-being at the individual and national level. We have applied a hedonic and eudaimonic 9-item composed tool (SWB score) to measure SWB across several Mediterranean (MED) and non-Mediterranean (non-MED) countries, and to explore the association between the SWB score and a range of sociodemographic, health and Mediterranean lifestyle factors. A specifically designed web-based questionnaire was distributed to adult participants (N = 2400) from Spain, Italy, Portugal, Bulgaria and Republic of North Macedonia. Results showed that the SWB score was significantly different across the examined countries with the MED participants displaying slightly higher average scores than the non-MED ones (6.3 ± 1.5 vs. 6.1 ± 1.6, p = 0.002). Several sociodemographic, health status and lifestyle factors displayed a significant but limited association with the 9-item SWB score, with a multiple regression model explaining around 17% of the variance. Nevertheless, our results support that a closer adherence to Mediterranean lifestyle habits-the Mediterranean Diet, spending time with friends, family, and in nature, being active, and getting adequate rest at night-has a positive influence on the 9-item SWB score. Further research is needed to advance the understanding of the measuring and differentiating of SWB across different populations and to establish all the factors that influence it.Increased understanding of subjective well-being (SWB), as well as factors that influence it, are essential to enhance well-being at the individual and national level. We have applied a hedonic and eudaimonic 9-item composed tool (SWB score) to measure SWB across several Mediterranean (MED) and non-Mediterranean (non-MED) countries, and to explore the association between the SWB score and a range of sociodemographic, health and Mediterranean lifestyle factors. A specifically designed web-based questionnaire was distributed to adult participants (N = 2400) from Spain, Italy, Portugal, Bulgaria and Republic of North Macedonia. Results showed that the SWB score was significantly different across the examined countries with the MED participants displaying slightly higher average scores than the non-MED ones (6.3 ± 1.5 vs. 6.1 ± 1.6, p = 0.002). Several sociodemographic, health status and lifestyle factors displayed a significant but limited association with the 9-item SWB score, with a multiple regression model explaining around 17% of the variance. Nevertheless, our results support that a closer adherence to Mediterranean lifestyle habits-the Mediterranean Diet, spending time with friends, family, and in nature, being active, and getting adequate rest at night-has a positive influence on the 9-item SWB score. Further research is needed to advance the understanding of the measuring and differentiating of SWB across different populations and to establish all the factors that influence it.
Increased understanding of subjective well-being (SWB), as well as factors that influence it, are essential to enhance well-being at the individual and national level. We have applied a hedonic and eudaimonic 9-item composed tool (SWB score) to measure SWB across several Mediterranean (MED) and non-Mediterranean (non-MED) countries, and to explore the association between the SWB score and a range of sociodemographic, health and Mediterranean lifestyle factors. A specifically designed web-based questionnaire was distributed to adult participants (N = 2400) from Spain, Italy, Portugal, Bulgaria and Republic of North Macedonia. Results showed that the SWB score was significantly different across the examined countries with the MED participants displaying slightly higher average scores than the non-MED ones (6.3 ± 1.5 vs. 6.1 ± 1.6, p = 0.002). Several sociodemographic, health status and lifestyle factors displayed a significant but limited association with the 9-item SWB score, with a multiple regression model explaining around 17% of the variance. Nevertheless, our results support that a closer adherence to Mediterranean lifestyle habits—the Mediterranean Diet, spending time with friends, family, and in nature, being active, and getting adequate rest at night—has a positive influence on the 9-item SWB score. Further research is needed to advance the understanding of the measuring and differentiating of SWB across different populations and to establish all the factors that influence it.
Increased understanding of subjective well-being (SWB), as well as factors that influence it, are essential to enhance well-being at the individual and national level. We have applied a hedonic and eudaimonic 9-item composed tool (SWB score) to measure SWB across several Mediterranean (MED) and non-Mediterranean (non-MED) countries, and to explore the association between the SWB score and a range of sociodemographic, health and Mediterranean lifestyle factors. A specifically designed web-based questionnaire was distributed to adult participants (N = 2400) from Spain, Italy, Portugal, Bulgaria and Republic of North Macedonia. Results showed that the SWB score was significantly different across the examined countries with the MED participants displaying slightly higher average scores than the non-MED ones (6.3 ± 1.5 vs. 6.1 ± 1.6, = 0.002). Several sociodemographic, health status and lifestyle factors displayed a significant but limited association with the 9-item SWB score, with a multiple regression model explaining around 17% of the variance. Nevertheless, our results support that a closer adherence to Mediterranean lifestyle habits-the Mediterranean Diet, spending time with friends, family, and in nature, being active, and getting adequate rest at night-has a positive influence on the 9-item SWB score. Further research is needed to advance the understanding of the measuring and differentiating of SWB across different populations and to establish all the factors that influence it.
Author Ackova, Darinka Gjorgieva
Conesa, María-Teresa García
Miloseva, Lence
Jorge, Rui
Smilkov, Katarina
Deligiannidou, Georgia Eirini
Ivanova, Teodora
Maksimova, Viktorija
Philippou, Elena
Kontogiorgis, Christos A
Andrade, Vanda
Pinto, Paula
Quarta, Stefano
Chervenkov, Mihail
Ruskovska, Tatjana
Massaro, Marika
Tagarro, Marta
AuthorAffiliation 12 Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
11 Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus; philippou.e@unic.ac.cy
1 Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior Agraria, 2001-904 Santarem, Portugal; vanda.andrade@esa.ipsantarem.pt (V.A.); rui.jorge@esa.ipsantarem.pt (R.J.)
6 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, Bulgaria; vdmchervenkov@abv.bg
2 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; stefano.quarta3@unisalento.it
5 National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, 73100 Lecce, Italy; marika@ifc.cnr.it
7 Slow Food in Bulgaria, 9 Pierre De Geytre St. bl. 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; tai@bio.bas.bg
3 Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior de Educação, 2001-902 Santarem, Portugal; marta.tagarro@ese.ipsan
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Issue 3
Keywords Mediterranean
eudaimonic well-being
hedonic well-being
life satisfaction
lifestyle habits
subjective well-being
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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V.A. and S.Q. are first co-authors of this manuscript.
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Snippet Increased understanding of subjective well-being (SWB), as well as factors that influence it, are essential to enhance well-being at the individual and...
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SubjectTerms Adult
Body mass index
Diet
Diet, Mediterranean
Emotions
Habits
Health Status
Humans
Life Style
Lifestyles
Measuring instruments
Multiple regression models
Psychological factors
Questionnaires
Sociodemographics
Surveys and Questionnaires
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Title Exploring Hedonic and Eudaimonic Items of Well-Being in Mediterranean and Non-Mediterranean Countries: Influence of Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors
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