Chemical Cleaning of Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouled by Humic Substances: Comparison between Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Hypochlorite

Chemical cleaning is indispensable for the sustainable operation of ultrafiltration (UF) system in water and wastewater treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is an established cleaning agent for membranes subject to organic and microbial fouling, but concerns have been raised about the generation o...

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Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 14; p. 2568
Main Authors Li, Kai, Li, Shu, Huang, Tinglin, Dong, Chongzhe, Li, Jiawei, Zhao, Bo, Zhang, Shujia
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 18.07.2019
MDPI
Subjects
Contact angle
Humic Substances
Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Membranes
Membranes, Artificial
Permeability
Sodium Hypochlorite
Ultrafiltration
Wastewater
Water
Water Purification
United States > US
China
chemical cleaning
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
ultrafiltration (UF) membrane
humic substances (HS) fouling
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Abstract Chemical cleaning is indispensable for the sustainable operation of ultrafiltration (UF) system in water and wastewater treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is an established cleaning agent for membranes subject to organic and microbial fouling, but concerns have been raised about the generation of toxic halogenated by-products during NaClO cleaning. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a potential “green” cleaning agent that can avoid the formation of halogenated by-products. In this work, cleaning efficacy of H2O2 and NaClO for UF membrane fouled by humic substances (HS) was evaluated under a wide pH range, and change of HS’s properties due to reaction with cleaning agents was examined. The cleaning efficacy of H2O2 was lower than that of NaClO at pH 3–9, but it increased to a level (91.4%) comparable with that of NaClO at pH 11. The extents of changes in properties and fouling potential of HS due to reacting with cleaning agents were consistent with their cleaning efficacy. H2O2 treatment at pH 11 significantly increased negative charge of HS molecules, decomposed high-MW molecules, and reduced its fouling potential. Therefore, considering treatment/disposal of cleaning waste and cleaning efficacy, H2O2 cleaning under strong alkaline condition can be a good choice for HS-fouled membrane.
AbstractList Chemical cleaning is indispensable for the sustainable operation of ultrafiltration (UF) system in water and wastewater treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is an established cleaning agent for membranes subject to organic and microbial fouling, but concerns have been raised about the generation of toxic halogenated by-products during NaClO cleaning. Hydrogen peroxide (H O ) is a potential "green" cleaning agent that can avoid the formation of halogenated by-products. In this work, cleaning efficacy of H O and NaClO for UF membrane fouled by humic substances (HS) was evaluated under a wide pH range, and change of HS's properties due to reaction with cleaning agents was examined. The cleaning efficacy of H O was lower than that of NaClO at pH 3-9, but it increased to a level (91.4%) comparable with that of NaClO at pH 11. The extents of changes in properties and fouling potential of HS due to reacting with cleaning agents were consistent with their cleaning efficacy. H O treatment at pH 11 significantly increased negative charge of HS molecules, decomposed high-MW molecules, and reduced its fouling potential. Therefore, considering treatment/disposal of cleaning waste and cleaning efficacy, H O cleaning under strong alkaline condition can be a good choice for HS-fouled membrane.
Chemical cleaning is indispensable for the sustainable operation of ultrafiltration (UF) system in water and wastewater treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is an established cleaning agent for membranes subject to organic and microbial fouling, but concerns have been raised about the generation of toxic halogenated by-products during NaClO cleaning. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a potential “green” cleaning agent that can avoid the formation of halogenated by-products. In this work, cleaning efficacy of H2O2 and NaClO for UF membrane fouled by humic substances (HS) was evaluated under a wide pH range, and change of HS’s properties due to reaction with cleaning agents was examined. The cleaning efficacy of H2O2 was lower than that of NaClO at pH 3–9, but it increased to a level (91.4%) comparable with that of NaClO at pH 11. The extents of changes in properties and fouling potential of HS due to reacting with cleaning agents were consistent with their cleaning efficacy. H2O2 treatment at pH 11 significantly increased negative charge of HS molecules, decomposed high-MW molecules, and reduced its fouling potential. Therefore, considering treatment/disposal of cleaning waste and cleaning efficacy, H2O2 cleaning under strong alkaline condition can be a good choice for HS-fouled membrane.
Chemical cleaning is indispensable for the sustainable operation of ultrafiltration (UF) system in water and wastewater treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is an established cleaning agent for membranes subject to organic and microbial fouling, but concerns have been raised about the generation of toxic halogenated by-products during NaClO cleaning. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a potential "green" cleaning agent that can avoid the formation of halogenated by-products. In this work, cleaning efficacy of H2O2 and NaClO for UF membrane fouled by humic substances (HS) was evaluated under a wide pH range, and change of HS's properties due to reaction with cleaning agents was examined. The cleaning efficacy of H2O2 was lower than that of NaClO at pH 3-9, but it increased to a level (91.4%) comparable with that of NaClO at pH 11. The extents of changes in properties and fouling potential of HS due to reacting with cleaning agents were consistent with their cleaning efficacy. H2O2 treatment at pH 11 significantly increased negative charge of HS molecules, decomposed high-MW molecules, and reduced its fouling potential. Therefore, considering treatment/disposal of cleaning waste and cleaning efficacy, H2O2 cleaning under strong alkaline condition can be a good choice for HS-fouled membrane.Chemical cleaning is indispensable for the sustainable operation of ultrafiltration (UF) system in water and wastewater treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is an established cleaning agent for membranes subject to organic and microbial fouling, but concerns have been raised about the generation of toxic halogenated by-products during NaClO cleaning. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a potential "green" cleaning agent that can avoid the formation of halogenated by-products. In this work, cleaning efficacy of H2O2 and NaClO for UF membrane fouled by humic substances (HS) was evaluated under a wide pH range, and change of HS's properties due to reaction with cleaning agents was examined. The cleaning efficacy of H2O2 was lower than that of NaClO at pH 3-9, but it increased to a level (91.4%) comparable with that of NaClO at pH 11. The extents of changes in properties and fouling potential of HS due to reacting with cleaning agents were consistent with their cleaning efficacy. H2O2 treatment at pH 11 significantly increased negative charge of HS molecules, decomposed high-MW molecules, and reduced its fouling potential. Therefore, considering treatment/disposal of cleaning waste and cleaning efficacy, H2O2 cleaning under strong alkaline condition can be a good choice for HS-fouled membrane.
[...]chemical cleaning has to be conducted periodically to remove foulants deposited on/with membrane and restore membrane permeability [13,14]. H2O2 is a very weak acid with a pKa of 11.62 (T = 25 °C), and only under alkaline conditions it would be dissociated to form HO2−, which is believed to be an active species for bleaching and degradation of some dyes. [...]several studies reported that H2O2 can be activated by alkali to generate reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radical (O2−) and singlet oxygen (1O2) [28]. [...]it is expected that the cleaning efficacy of H2O2 would be strongly affected by solution pH, but few studies have comprehensively examined this issue. According to the manufacturer, the membrane material is blended with hydrophilic additives, and pure water contact angle of the membrane is 45 ± 4 °C. Meanwhile, the membrane surface is negatively charged with a zeta potential of −17 ± 3 mV at pH 7.
Chemical cleaning is indispensable for the sustainable operation of ultrafiltration (UF) system in water and wastewater treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is an established cleaning agent for membranes subject to organic and microbial fouling, but concerns have been raised about the generation of toxic halogenated by-products during NaClO cleaning. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a potential “green” cleaning agent that can avoid the formation of halogenated by-products. In this work, cleaning efficacy of H 2 O 2 and NaClO for UF membrane fouled by humic substances (HS) was evaluated under a wide pH range, and change of HS’s properties due to reaction with cleaning agents was examined. The cleaning efficacy of H 2 O 2 was lower than that of NaClO at pH 3–9, but it increased to a level (91.4%) comparable with that of NaClO at pH 11. The extents of changes in properties and fouling potential of HS due to reacting with cleaning agents were consistent with their cleaning efficacy. H 2 O 2 treatment at pH 11 significantly increased negative charge of HS molecules, decomposed high-MW molecules, and reduced its fouling potential. Therefore, considering treatment/disposal of cleaning waste and cleaning efficacy, H 2 O 2 cleaning under strong alkaline condition can be a good choice for HS-fouled membrane.
Author Li, Kai
Huang, Tinglin
Dong, Chongzhe
Zhao, Bo
Zhang, Shujia
Li, Jiawei
Li, Shu
AuthorAffiliation 2 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
1 Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31323814$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Keywords chemical cleaning
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)
ultrafiltration (UF) membrane
humic substances (HS) fouling
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Snippet Chemical cleaning is indispensable for the sustainable operation of ultrafiltration (UF) system in water and wastewater treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)...
[...]chemical cleaning has to be conducted periodically to remove foulants deposited on/with membrane and restore membrane permeability [13,14]. H2O2 is a very...
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StartPage 2568
SubjectTerms Contact angle
Humic Substances
Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Membranes
Membranes, Artificial
Permeability
Sodium Hypochlorite
Ultrafiltration
Wastewater
Water
Water Purification
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Title Chemical Cleaning of Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouled by Humic Substances: Comparison between Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Hypochlorite
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31323814
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Volume 16
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