Two differentially expressed MATE factor genes from apple complement the Arabidopsis transparent testa12 mutant
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a class of flavonoids with numerous functions in plant ecology and development, including protection against microbial infection, animal foraging and damage by UV light. PAs are also beneficial in the human diet and livestock farming, preventing diseases of the cardiovasc...
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| Published in | Plant biology (Stuttgart, Germany) Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 42 - 50 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.01.2011
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a class of flavonoids with numerous functions in plant ecology and development, including protection against microbial infection, animal foraging and damage by UV light. PAs are also beneficial in the human diet and livestock farming, preventing diseases of the cardiovascular system and lowering the risk of cancer, asthma and diabetes. Apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.) are naturally rich in flavonoids, but the flavonoid content and composition varies significantly between cultivars. In this work, we applied knowledge from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, for which the main features of flavonoid biosynthesis have been elucidated, to investigate PA accumulation in apple. We identified functional homologues of the Multidrug And Toxic compound Extrusion (MATE) gene TRANSPARENT TESTA12 from A. thaliana using a comparative genomics approach. MdMATE1 and MdMATE2 were differentially expressed, and the function of the encoded proteins was verified by complementation of the respective A. thaliana mutant. In addition, MdMATE genes have a different gene structure in comparison to homologues from other species. Based on our findings, we propose that MdMATE1 and MdMATE2 are vacuolar flavonoid/H(+) -antiporters, active in PA accumulating cells of apple fruit. The identification of these flavonoid transporter genes expands our understanding of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and transport in apple, and is a prerequisite to improve the nutritional value of apples and apple-derived beverages. |
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| AbstractList | Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a class of flavonoids with numerous functions in plant ecology and development, including protection against microbial infection, animal foraging and damage by UV light. PAs are also beneficial in the human diet and livestock farming, preventing diseases of the cardiovascular system and lowering the risk of cancer, asthma and diabetes. Apples (
Malus
x
domestica
Borkh.) are naturally rich in flavonoids, but the flavonoid content and composition varies significantly between cultivars. In this work, we applied knowledge from the model plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
, for which the main features of flavonoid biosynthesis have been elucidated, to investigate PA accumulation in apple. We identified functional homologues of the Multidrug And Toxic compound Extrusion (MATE) gene
TRANSPARENT TESTA12
from
A. thaliana
using a comparative genomics approach.
MdMATE1
and
MdMATE2
were differentially expressed, and the function of the encoded proteins was verified by complementation of the respective
A. thaliana
mutant. In addition,
MdMATE
genes have a different gene structure in comparison to homologues from other species. Based on our findings, we propose that
Md
MATE1 and
Md
MATE2 are vacuolar flavonoid/H
+
‐antiporters, active in PA accumulating cells of apple fruit. The identification of these flavonoid transporter genes expands our understanding of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and transport in apple, and is a prerequisite to improve the nutritional value of apples and apple‐derived beverages. Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a class of flavonoids with numerous functions in plant ecology and development, including protection against microbial infection, animal foraging and damage by UV light. PAs are also beneficial in the human diet and livestock farming, preventing diseases of the cardiovascular system and lowering the risk of cancer, asthma and diabetes. Apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.) are naturally rich in flavonoids, but the flavonoid content and composition varies significantly between cultivars. In this work, we applied knowledge from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, for which the main features of flavonoid biosynthesis have been elucidated, to investigate PA accumulation in apple. We identified functional homologues of the Multidrug And Toxic compound Extrusion (MATE) gene TRANSPARENT TESTA12 from A. thaliana using a comparative genomics approach. MdMATE1 and MdMATE2 were differentially expressed, and the function of the encoded proteins was verified by complementation of the respective A. thaliana mutant. In addition, MdMATE genes have a different gene structure in comparison to homologues from other species. Based on our findings, we propose that MdMATE1 and MdMATE2 are vacuolar flavonoid/H(+) -antiporters, active in PA accumulating cells of apple fruit. The identification of these flavonoid transporter genes expands our understanding of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and transport in apple, and is a prerequisite to improve the nutritional value of apples and apple-derived beverages. |
| Author | Sagasser, M. Keck, M. Weisshaar, B. Niehaus, K. Stracke, R. Frank, S. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: S. surname: Frank fullname: Frank, S. organization: Bielefeld University, Department of Biology, Genome Research, Bielefeld, Germany – sequence: 2 givenname: M. surname: Keck fullname: Keck, M. organization: Bielefeld University, Department of Biology, Metabolome and Proteome Research, Bielefeld, Germany – sequence: 3 givenname: M. surname: Sagasser fullname: Sagasser, M. organization: Bielefeld University, Department of Biology, Genome Research, Bielefeld, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: K. surname: Niehaus fullname: Niehaus, K. organization: Bielefeld University, Department of Biology, Metabolome and Proteome Research, Bielefeld, Germany – sequence: 5 givenname: B. surname: Weisshaar fullname: Weisshaar, B. organization: Bielefeld University, Department of Biology, Genome Research, Bielefeld, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: R. surname: Stracke fullname: Stracke, R. organization: Bielefeld University, Department of Biology, Genome Research, Bielefeld, Germany |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21143724$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | 2010 German Botanical Society and The Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands. |
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| SubjectTerms | Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis thaliana Cloning, Molecular flavonoid biosynthesis Genome, Plant Malus - genetics Malus x domestica MATE transporter Phylogeny proanthocyanidins Seeds - genetics transparent testa12 (tt12) |
| Title | Two differentially expressed MATE factor genes from apple complement the Arabidopsis transparent testa12 mutant |
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