Comprehensive review of wire arc additive manufacturing: Hardware system, physical process, monitoring, property characterization, application and future prospects

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) outstandingly features in lower cost and higher efficiency than other metal additive manufacturing technologies, which has a great potential in large-scale industrial production. The paper gives a detailed review, which involves WAAM hardware system, physical p...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inResults in engineering Vol. 13; p. 100330
Main Authors Li, Yan, Su, Chen, Zhu, Jianjun
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.03.2022
Elsevier
Subjects
Hardware system
Multi-scale and multi-physics research
Physical process
Review
Wire arc additive manufacturing
Multi-scale and multi-physics research
Physical process
Review
Hardware system
Wire arc additive manufacturing
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) outstandingly features in lower cost and higher efficiency than other metal additive manufacturing technologies, which has a great potential in large-scale industrial production. The paper gives a detailed review, which involves WAAM hardware system, physical process, monitoring, property characterization, application and future prospects, to facilitate quick and easy understanding of current status and future prospects of WAAM. WAAM hardware systems are of primary importance and mainly based on four types of arc welding machine. The paper summarized the features of different hardware systems, displayed their suitability for different raw materials, and discussed their respective advantages. There is complex physical phenomenon in WAAM, and many technological parameters, such as heat input, current, wire feeding speed and so on, are investigated to understand the physical mechanism. Monitoring is essential for the additive process, in which optical inspection, spectral sensing, acoustic sensing, thermal sensing, electrical sensing and multi-sensor monitoring system all have been applied. Property characterization is always done to evaluate the quality of additive parts, and typical defects such as high residual stress, deformation, porosity, crack and delamination are reported. Examples of industrial products fabricated by WAAM are introduced. Finally, the paper concluded six possible research directions in future. It is necessary to establish detailed databases about additive parts for sorted hardware systems and metals with suitable operating conditions. Hybrid additive and subtractive technology, additional rolling or temperature control process, multi-scale and multi-physics research, multi-variable monitoring system, and artificial intelligence would help to improve the manufacturing level. •Provide a comprehensive review of WAAM according to manufacturing procedure.•Summarize their own features of various WAAM systems.•Help to choose the most suitable WAAM hardware system.•Multi-scale and multi-physics research on WAAM is recommended.
AbstractList Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) outstandingly features in lower cost and higher efficiency than other metal additive manufacturing technologies, which has a great potential in large-scale industrial production. The paper gives a detailed review, which involves WAAM hardware system, physical process, monitoring, property characterization, application and future prospects, to facilitate quick and easy understanding of current status and future prospects of WAAM. WAAM hardware systems are of primary importance and mainly based on four types of arc welding machine. The paper summarized the features of different hardware systems, displayed their suitability for different raw materials, and discussed their respective advantages. There is complex physical phenomenon in WAAM, and many technological parameters, such as heat input, current, wire feeding speed and so on, are investigated to understand the physical mechanism. Monitoring is essential for the additive process, in which optical inspection, spectral sensing, acoustic sensing, thermal sensing, electrical sensing and multi-sensor monitoring system all have been applied. Property characterization is always done to evaluate the quality of additive parts, and typical defects such as high residual stress, deformation, porosity, crack and delamination are reported. Examples of industrial products fabricated by WAAM are introduced. Finally, the paper concluded six possible research directions in future. It is necessary to establish detailed databases about additive parts for sorted hardware systems and metals with suitable operating conditions. Hybrid additive and subtractive technology, additional rolling or temperature control process, multi-scale and multi-physics research, multi-variable monitoring system, and artificial intelligence would help to improve the manufacturing level. •Provide a comprehensive review of WAAM according to manufacturing procedure.•Summarize their own features of various WAAM systems.•Help to choose the most suitable WAAM hardware system.•Multi-scale and multi-physics research on WAAM is recommended.
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) outstandingly features in lower cost and higher efficiency than other metal additive manufacturing technologies, which has a great potential in large-scale industrial production. The paper gives a detailed review, which involves WAAM hardware system, physical process, monitoring, property characterization, application and future prospects, to facilitate quick and easy understanding of current status and future prospects of WAAM. WAAM hardware systems are of primary importance and mainly based on four types of arc welding machine. The paper summarized the features of different hardware systems, displayed their suitability for different raw materials, and discussed their respective advantages. There is complex physical phenomenon in WAAM, and many technological parameters, such as heat input, current, wire feeding speed and so on, are investigated to understand the physical mechanism. Monitoring is essential for the additive process, in which optical inspection, spectral sensing, acoustic sensing, thermal sensing, electrical sensing and multi-sensor monitoring system all have been applied. Property characterization is always done to evaluate the quality of additive parts, and typical defects such as high residual stress, deformation, porosity, crack and delamination are reported. Examples of industrial products fabricated by WAAM are introduced. Finally, the paper concluded six possible research directions in future. It is necessary to establish detailed databases about additive parts for sorted hardware systems and metals with suitable operating conditions. Hybrid additive and subtractive technology, additional rolling or temperature control process, multi-scale and multi-physics research, multi-variable monitoring system, and artificial intelligence would help to improve the manufacturing level.
ArticleNumber 100330
Author Su, Chen
Zhu, Jianjun
Li, Yan
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Yan
  orcidid: 0000-0002-6545-8368
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, Yan
  email: heartonelee@cup.edu.cn
  organization: College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Chen
  surname: Su
  fullname: Su, Chen
  organization: College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Jianjun
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0245-8870
  surname: Zhu
  fullname: Zhu, Jianjun
  organization: College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China
BookMark eNqFkUuOEzEQhltokBiGuQELHyAJfvRzFkgoAmakkdjA2qoulxNHnXbLdiYK1-GiuKdBQixgZbtc31-P_3VxNfqRiuKt4BvBRf3usAlupHG3kVyKHOJK8RfFtaw6vhZS8as_7q-K2xgPnHPZZlY118WPrT9OgfY0RvdELNCTozPzlp1dIAYBGRjj0vx3hPFkAdMp19vdsXsI5gw5KV5iouOKTftLdAgDm4JHinHFjn50yc_pqzk4UUgXhnsIWYWC-w7J-XHFYJqGDM4PBqNh9pRr0EzEiTDFN8VLC0Ok21_nTfHt08ev2_v145fPD9sPj2ssRZvWVU9GtZ2p-pKgKSXUAjpUtRVoy160VvSApTSd6nnXdRa5lIL6hjc5ucrruCkeFl3j4aCn4I4QLtqD088BH3YaQnI4kFbK9oiixNryEq1pDaeK2xpk3ctG8ax1t2hhniIGshpdeh4xBXCDFlzP7umDXtzTs3t6cS_D5V_w72b-g71fMMpLyj4GHdHRiGSyl5jyFO7fAj8B1Zy9Dw
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmsy_2024_05_008
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma16010017
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addma_2024_104108
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2024_103676
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40964_024_00936_y
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmmp6060138
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijlmm_2024_05_009
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmmp7030097
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmsy_2025_03_008
crossref_primary_10_1088_2631_8695_ad82a4
crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0144148
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmrt_2024_03_170
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmapro_2023_01_034
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmmp7010003
crossref_primary_10_3389_frsus_2024_1408604
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matchar_2022_112065
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2025_104657
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2025_104418
crossref_primary_10_1002_elan_202200506
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_024_13425_x
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmmp8050222
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_022_08811_2
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autcon_2024_105948
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_025_15106_9
crossref_primary_10_3390_met13020398
crossref_primary_10_1088_2631_7990_ad7f2e
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2024_101799
crossref_primary_10_3390_coatings14091094
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2022_100429
crossref_primary_10_3103_S1068798X24703210
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jallcom_2023_169997
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_025_15284_6
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmsy_2023_01_012
crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0151841
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2024_103462
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma16020885
crossref_primary_10_3390_met13040711
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_amf_2024_200159
crossref_primary_10_7232_JKIIE_2025_51_1_011
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmrt_2023_03_200
crossref_primary_10_3390_buildings15060906
crossref_primary_10_3390_jmmp6020039
crossref_primary_10_3390_inventions8040103
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11665_023_08546_5
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmatprotec_2023_117951
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_heliyon_2023_e23372
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2023_145473
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addma_2024_103994
crossref_primary_10_1109_TIE_2023_3325570
crossref_primary_10_3390_modelling5040105
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_addma_2024_104322
crossref_primary_10_1177_09544089241309449
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_commatsci_2025_113688
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2022_100762
crossref_primary_10_1515_zwf_2023_1149
crossref_primary_10_1007_s40964_024_00771_1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2024_102423
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmrt_2024_10_212
crossref_primary_10_1109_TPS_2024_3350203
crossref_primary_10_1177_14644207231184787
crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6463_adb3b0
crossref_primary_10_4028_p_XTi7h9
crossref_primary_10_3103_S1068798X23070092
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2024_147403
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2023_101065
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_csite_2022_102611
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_msea_2024_146838
crossref_primary_10_1115_1_4066669
crossref_primary_10_1007_s44245_024_00082_3
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma17215160
crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ad7177
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2024_103350
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_023_11912_1
crossref_primary_10_3390_ma15062190
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matdes_2022_111121
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13632_024_01096_9
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_smmf_2024_100059
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11665_024_09706_x
crossref_primary_10_1007_s13632_023_01019_0
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_024_13978_x
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2023_106934
crossref_primary_10_1080_17452759_2024_2390495
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijheatmasstransfer_2025_126891
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmapro_2023_10_050
crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ad7105
crossref_primary_10_1088_2631_8695_ad30b1
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2023_101041
crossref_primary_10_1080_0951192X_2025_2478007
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_024_13240_4
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mtcomm_2024_109382
crossref_primary_10_3390_met15020110
crossref_primary_10_1080_17452759_2024_2370956
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jmapro_2024_03_065
crossref_primary_10_1080_10426914_2024_2323441
crossref_primary_10_3390_met14030286
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jma_2023_05_002
crossref_primary_10_3390_app14219919
crossref_primary_10_1007_s00170_024_13330_3
crossref_primary_10_3390_met13010063
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_matpr_2023_11_121
crossref_primary_10_1007_s43452_023_00633_7
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aime_2023_100117
crossref_primary_10_1080_17452759_2023_2300680
crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_2891_9_092022
Cites_doi 10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00836-7
10.1080/13621718.2021.1926659
10.1016/j.measurement.2018.10.048
10.1080/02670836.2016.1273989
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.01.059
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.01.018
10.1007/s10845-020-01725-4
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.01.058
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.07.037
10.3390/ma9080652
10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116895
10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.255
10.1007/s00170-015-7112-4
10.1007/s00170-018-1590-0
10.1007/s00170-009-2052-5
10.1016/j.rcim.2014.08.008
10.1177/0954405412437126
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.06.030
10.1088/1757-899X/26/1/012002
10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.036
10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.018
10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.01.009
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114335
10.1016/j.actamat.2015.03.035
10.1109/TIE.2011.2114311
10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.037
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.03.007
10.1007/s00170-020-04946-2
10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.353
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.03.002
10.1007/978-981-10-5355-9_1
10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.10.003
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119102
10.1108/01439919610130328
10.1016/S1526-6125(02)70131-X
10.3390/ma14154168
10.3390/app10010070
10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.168
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.04.012
10.1016/j.matlet.2014.11.058
10.1108/RPJ-05-2015-0047
10.1080/02670836.2018.1455012
10.3390/ma11112075
10.3390/ma13010073
10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00867-1
10.1080/13621718.2018.1476083
10.1016/j.jmst.2013.02.010
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.02.002
10.1063/1.4864957
10.1007/BF02595452
10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.101
10.1243/0954405981515590
10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.055
10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.222
10.1081/AMP-120002801
10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.11.046
10.1179/1743284715Y.0000000073
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.08.021
10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.029
10.1186/s10033-021-00581-4
10.1016/j.rcim.2014.09.002
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117919
10.1080/13621718.2016.1259031
10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.156
10.1007/s11663-017-1071-0
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.06.084
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.03.029
10.1080/02670836.2016.1142704
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.07.015
10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109370
10.1088/0957-0233/24/11/115103
10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.019
10.1179/1362171814Y.0000000219
10.1088/2051-672X/3/3/034002
10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.008
10.3901/JME.2016.10.097
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.04.047
10.3390/met10020272
10.1007/s00170-016-9106-2
10.1016/j.cad.2015.12.003
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.07.023
10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.001
10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00250-0
10.1108/RPJ-01-2012-0006
10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.012
10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.03.085
10.3390/ma13030766
10.1007/s00170-018-2927-4
10.1007/s10846-010-9403-1
10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.022
10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.009
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.05.022
10.1016/j.procir.2015.08.085
10.1007/s00170-011-3299-1
10.1016/j.commatsci.2011.06.023
10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00137
10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.01.012
10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.12.015
10.1243/09544050360673279
10.1007/s00170-014-5925-1
10.3390/met9060650
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2022 The Authors
Copyright_xml – notice: 2022 The Authors
DBID 6I.
AAFTH
AAYXX
CITATION
DOA
DOI 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330
DatabaseName ScienceDirect Open Access Titles
Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access
CrossRef
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Engineering
EISSN 2590-1230
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_33fbcc14c6f04cfd8d0e50f6a26b2730
10_1016_j_rineng_2021_100330
S2590123021001316
GroupedDBID 0SF
6I.
AAEDW
AAFTH
AALRI
AAXUO
ADBBV
AEXQZ
AFTJW
AITUG
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMRAJ
BCNDV
EBS
FDB
GROUPED_DOAJ
M41
M~E
NCXOZ
OK1
ROL
SSZ
0R~
AAYWO
AAYXX
ACVFH
ADCNI
ADVLN
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AIGII
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
APXCP
CITATION
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-5bed389d5b4ea742a61a9c36f1cf4b18f1bac42d93b0999fc0221eb7077425013
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 2590-1230
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:10:39 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 23:07:40 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 01:37:13 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 25 20:59:24 EDT 2023
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Multi-scale and multi-physics research
Physical process
Review
Hardware system
Wire arc additive manufacturing
Language English
License This is an open access article under the CC BY license.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c418t-5bed389d5b4ea742a61a9c36f1cf4b18f1bac42d93b0999fc0221eb7077425013
ORCID 0000-0002-0245-8870
0000-0002-6545-8368
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/33fbcc14c6f04cfd8d0e50f6a26b2730
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_33fbcc14c6f04cfd8d0e50f6a26b2730
crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_rineng_2021_100330
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_rineng_2021_100330
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_rineng_2021_100330
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate March 2022
2022-03-00
2022-03-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-03-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 03
  year: 2022
  text: March 2022
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Results in engineering
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Elsevier
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
– name: Elsevier
References Li, Chen, Shi, Zhao (bib62) 2018; 24
Yang, He, Zhang (bib9) 2016; 227
Xu, Shi, Zhao (bib28) 2003
Xiong, Lei, Li (bib73) 2017; 126
Zhang, Wang, Liang (bib41) 2016; 22
Huang, Wu, Zhang, Chen, Chen (bib15) 2017; 239
Li, Chen, Wu, Yan (bib48) 2018; 96
Shi, Li, Chen, Zhao (bib42) 2019; 238
Naicheng (bib34) 2009
Huang, Yang, Li (bib74) 2016; 50
Xu, Lv, Liu, Shu, He, Xu (bib78) 2013; 29
Fu, Zhang, Wang, Wang (bib134) 2017; 250
Chen, Zhao, Xiao (bib44) 2016; 9–12
Zhang, Wang, Wang, Zhang (bib40) 2013; 19
Ge, Ma, Han, Yuan, Jin, Fu (bib76) 2019; 163
Bonaccorso, Cantelli, Muscato (bib13) 2011; 58
Escobar-Palafox, Gault, Ridgway (bib67) 2011; 26
Dong, Pan, Shen, Ma, Li (bib131) 2017; 48
Busachi, Erkoyuncu, Colegrove, Martina, Ding (bib129) 2015; 37
Szymanik, Psuj, Hashemi, Lopato (bib118) 2021; 14
Pal, Bhattacharya, Pal (bib111) 2009; 45
Li, Liu, Xu, Ji, Wang, Lu (bib69) 2019; 742
Derekar, Addison, Joshi, Zhang, Lawrence, Xu (bib130) 2020; 107
Li, Wang, Zhao, Dai, Huang, Zhang (bib133) 2021; 46
Zhang, Xu, Wang (bib30) 2003; 171
Lu, Li (bib2) 2013
Sames, List, Pannala, Dehoff, Babu (bib139) 2016; 61
Wang, Gu, Wang, Li, Ren, Wang (bib86) 2019; 13
Du, Zhang, Lian (bib136) 2019; 48
Tang, Wang, Zhang, Wang (bib108) 2017
Pal, Bhattacharya, Pal (bib110) 2010; 210
Luo, Li, Xu, Zhu, Han, Zhang (bib63) 2018; 259
Li, Fan, Huang, Yu, Yuan, Han (bib90) 2021; 34
Qin, Wang, Yang (bib124) 2013; 40
Gu, Ding, Williams, Gu, Bai, Zhai (bib59) 2016; 651
Ning, Cong (bib123) 2016; 179
Wu, Pan, Ding, Cuiuri, Li, Xu (bib33) 2018; 35
Bandari YK, Williams SW, Ding J, Martina F. Additive manufacture of large structures: robotic or CNC systems? in 26th International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium.
Su, Chen, Gao, Wang (bib57) 2019; 486
Jia, Zhao, Dong (bib60) 2019; 40
Fang, Zhang, Chen, Dang, Huang, Wang (bib61) 2018; 11
Ding, Pan, Cuiuri, Li (bib32) 2015; 31
Jin, Liu, Sun (bib14) 2021; 39
Tian, Ouyang, Gontcharov, Gauvin, Lowden, Brochu (bib79) 2017; 694
Ding (bib101) 2010
Bai, Wang, Lin (bib56) 2016; 52
Hauser, Reisch, Breese, Lutz, Pantano, Nalam (bib83) 2021; 41
Zhang, Chen, Li, Male (bib38) 2003; 135
Sreedhar, Krishnamurthy, Balasubramaniam, Raghupathy, Ravisankar (bib116) 2012; 212
Martina, Ding, Williams, Caballero, Pardal, Quintino (bib8) 2019; 25
Li, Chen, Shi, Zhao, Tian (bib36) 2018; 8
Le, Mai, Paris (bib37) 2021; 62
Mukherjee, Zhang, DebRoy (bib121) 2017; 126
Baufeld, Brandl, Biest (bib12) 2011; 211
Baufeld, van der Biest (bib68) 2016; 10
Luo, Zhang, Li (bib97) 2007; 31
Xu, Fang, Chen, Zou, Ye (bib105) 2014; 73
Mireles, Ridwan, Morton, Hinojos, Wicker (bib115) 2015; 3
(accessed 1 December 2021).
Ouyang, Wang, Kovacevic (bib17) 2002; 17
Williams, Martina, Addison, Ding, Pardal, Colegrove (bib141) 2016; 32
Kwak, Doumanidis (bib96) 2002; 4
Vergeest (bib85) 1996; 23
Ayarkwa, Williams, Ding (bib51) 2017; 18
Jun (bib39) 2014
Zhang, Li, Liang (bib125) 2016; 59
Geng, Du, Wei (bib98) 2020; 44
Martina, Roy, Szost, Terzi, Colegrove, Williams (bib66) 2016; 32
Rieder (bib112) 2014
Colegrove, Coules, Fairman, Martina, Kashoob, Mamash (bib122) 2013; 213
Abe, Kaneko, Sasahara (bib35) 2020; 35
Cong, Su, Qi (bib53) 2016; 29–32
Liu, Jia, Guo, Gao, Wu (bib92) 2019; 27
Wu, Gao, Liu (bib102) 2003; 217
Zhan, Liang, Ding, Williams (bib99) 2016; 89
Fan, Li, Huang, Yu, Yuan (bib91) 2020
Lin, Lv, Liu, Xu, Sun, Li (bib24) 2016; 102
Xiong, Zhang (bib107) 2013; 24
Xiong, Zhang, Wang (bib29) 2009; 209
Xu, Zhang, Hu (bib19) 2010
Xu, Yu, Zhong, Lin, Chen (bib104) 2012; 212
Nguyen, Buhl, Bambach (bib149) 2020; 35
Wang, Chen, Wu (bib135) 2021; 26
Wang, Williams, Rush (bib10) 2011; 57
Sames, Medina, Peter, Babu, Dehoff (bib138) 2014
Xu, Fang, Lv, Chen, Jia Zou (bib106) 2015; 32
Ding, Pan, van Duin, Li, Shen (bib81) 2016; 9
Slotwinski, Garboczi (bib113) 2014
Wang, Chen, Shen, Su, Zhang, Jayalakshmi (bib45) 2021; 64
Zhou, Zhang, Wang, Bai (bib94) 2016; 103
Suárez, Aldalur, Veiga, Artaza, Tabernero, Lamikiz (bib31) 2021; 64
Shi, Li, Chen, Zhao, Tian (bib55) 2018; 101
Ding, Zhao, Lu, Pan, Li, Wang (bib49) 2021; 64
Wang, Yue, Yang, Qin, Ren (bib128) 2015; 42
Kennedy, Davis, Caballero, Williams, Pickering, Prangnell (bib25) 2021; 40
Spencer, Dickens, Wykes (bib89) 1998; 212
Xiao, Chen, Hu, Zhang (bib114) 2020
Ge, Lin, Chen, Lei, Fu (bib75) 2018; 748
Veiga, Gil Del Val, Suarez, Alonso (bib82) 2020; 13
Bai, Colegrove, Ding, Zhou, Diao, Bridgeman (bib65) 2018; 124
Pringle, Oberloier, Petsiuk, Sanders, Pearce (bib119) 2020; 8
Li, Wu, Liu (bib93) 2015; 85
Geng, Du, Wei, Xu, Ma (bib22) 2021; 64
Wang, Zhang, Zhu, Li, Feng (bib47) 2021; 288
Li, Gu, Wang, Wang, Ren, Wang (bib58) 2019; 10
Wang, Gu, Wang, Li, Ren, Wang (bib88) 2020; 10
Xiong, Geng, Lin (bib4) 2015
Kazanas, Deherkar, Almeida, Lockett, Williams (bib43) 2012; 226
Ding, Shen, Pan, Cuiuri, Li, Larkin (bib147) 2016; 73
Zhou, Xu, Huang, Hu, Meng, Fan (bib127) 2017; 33
Peng, Liu, Ding (bib70) 2006; 36
(bib1) 2010
Xia, Pan, Polden, Li, Xu, Chen (bib46) 2021
Gu, Bai, Ding, Williams, Wang, Liu (bib64) 2018; 262
Cadiou, Courtois, Carin, Berckmans, Le Masson (bib148) 2020; 148
Pan, Ding, Wu, Cuiuri, Li, Norrish (bib7) 2018
bib145
Jandric, Labudovic, Kovacevic (bib16) 2004; 44
Xiong, Zhang, Zhang (bib77) 2015; 80
bib144
bib143
Sun, Li, Zhu, Guo, Peng, Cong (bib52) 2018; 747
Gao, Dutta, Huizenga, Amirthalingam, Hermans, Buslaps (bib137) 2014; 19
bib142
Fan, Ravala, Wikle, Chin (bib100) 2003; 140
Xiong, Zhang, Qiu, Li (bib95) 2013; 41
Li, Klecka, Chen, Xiong (bib26) 2021; 37
Cunningham, Flynn, Shokrani, Dhokia, Newman (bib3) 2018; 22
Dupont (bib140) 1996; 27
Geng, Li, Xiong, Lin (bib54) 2016; 22
Plangger, Schabhüttl, Vuherer, Enzinger (bib146) 2019; 9
Yin, Hu, Liu (bib20) 2008; 31
Zhu, Luo, Han, Zhang, Xu, Chen (bib117) 2019; 134
Ding, Colegrove, Mehnen, Ganguly, Sequeira Almeida, Wang (bib132) 2011
Tian, Chen, Dong (bib6) 2015
Derekar (bib120) 2018; 34
Yuan, Luo, Kou (bib80) 2016; 116
Shen, Lin, Chen, Li (bib103) 2010; 59
Bermingham, Kent, Zhan, StJohn, Dargusch (bib18) 2015; 91
Wang, Jiang, Ouyang, Kovacevic (bib50) 2004; 148
Wu, Guo, Ma, Niu (bib126) 2015; 141
Wu, Ding, Pan (bib11) 2017; 250
Martina, Mehnen, Williams, Colegrove, Wang (bib27) 2012; 212
Zhou, Liu, Dong (bib71) 2006; 17
Zhang, Yu, Lv, Chen (bib109) 2013; 213
Lin, Lv, Liu, Sun, Wang, Li (bib23) 2017; 69
Scotti, Ponomarev, Lucas (bib72) 2014; 214
Fu, Tang, Lu, Cui, Li, Zhang (bib21) 2021; 199
Lervåg, Sørensen, Robertstad, Brønstad, Nyhus, Eriksson (bib87) 2020; 10
Ding (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib81) 2016; 9
Zhou (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib71) 2006; 17
Wang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib45) 2021; 64
Cong (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib53) 2016; 29–32
Kwak (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib96) 2002; 4
Li (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib58) 2019; 10
Spencer (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib89) 1998; 212
Xiong (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib107) 2013; 24
Ding (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib132) 2011
Xiong (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib73) 2017; 126
Gu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib59) 2016; 651
Li (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib133) 2021; 46
Xu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib105) 2014; 73
Dupont (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib140) 1996; 27
Wu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib11) 2017; 250
Jun (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib39) 2014
Kazanas (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib43) 2012; 226
Sames (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib139) 2016; 61
Wang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib135) 2021; 26
Hauser (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib83) 2021; 41
Wang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib128) 2015; 42
Dong (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib131) 2017; 48
Ding (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib147) 2016; 73
Mireles (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib115) 2015; 3
Jandric (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib16) 2004; 44
Xu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib78) 2013; 29
Zhang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib41) 2016; 22
Li (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib26) 2021; 37
Derekar (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib120) 2018; 34
Xu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib28) 2003
Xiong (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib77) 2015; 80
Szymanik (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib118) 2021; 14
Qin (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib124) 2013; 40
Veiga (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib82) 2020; 13
Lin (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib23) 2017; 69
Cadiou (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib148) 2020; 148
Jin (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib14) 2021; 39
Xiong (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib29) 2009; 209
Xu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib106) 2015; 32
Sreedhar (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib116) 2012; 212
Bai (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib56) 2016; 52
(10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib1) 2010
Zhu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib117) 2019; 134
Jia (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib60) 2019; 40
Liu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib92) 2019; 27
Shi (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib42) 2019; 238
Scotti (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib72) 2014; 214
Ding (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib32) 2015; 31
Kennedy (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib25) 2021; 40
Slotwinski (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib113) 2014
Zhou (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib127) 2017; 33
Shi (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib55) 2018; 101
Abe (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib35) 2020; 35
Fan (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib91) 2020
Geng (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib98) 2020; 44
Sun (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib52) 2018; 747
Gao (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib137) 2014; 19
Wang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib88) 2020; 10
Geng (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib54) 2016; 22
Baufeld (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib12) 2011; 211
Su (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib57) 2019; 486
Zhang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib40) 2013; 19
Lervåg (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib87) 2020; 10
Wang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib10) 2011; 57
Wu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib33) 2018; 35
Tian (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib6) 2015
Xu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib104) 2012; 212
Pal (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib110) 2010; 210
Bai (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib65) 2018; 124
Fu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib21) 2021; 199
Li (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib48) 2018; 96
Plangger (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib146) 2019; 9
Wu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib126) 2015; 141
Cunningham (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib3) 2018; 22
Williams (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib141) 2016; 32
Zhang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib38) 2003; 135
Du (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib136) 2019; 48
Fang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib61) 2018; 11
Fu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib134) 2017; 250
Zhang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib30) 2003; 171
Huang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib15) 2017; 239
Sames (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib138) 2014
Li (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib93) 2015; 85
Chen (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib44) 2016; 9–12
Ge (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib75) 2018; 748
Lu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib2) 2013
Zhang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib109) 2013; 213
Ning (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib123) 2016; 179
Baufeld (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib68) 2016; 10
Rieder (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib112) 2014
Ding (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib49) 2021; 64
Li (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib36) 2018; 8
Gu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib64) 2018; 262
Busachi (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib129) 2015; 37
Tang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib108) 2017
Pan (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib7) 2018
Zhan (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib99) 2016; 89
Geng (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib22) 2021; 64
Xu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib19) 2010
Wang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib86) 2019; 13
Bermingham (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib18) 2015; 91
Ouyang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib17) 2002; 17
Le (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib37) 2021; 62
Xiao (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib114) 2020
Colegrove (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib122) 2013; 213
Martina (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib66) 2016; 32
Yuan (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib80) 2016; 116
Luo (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib97) 2007; 31
Suárez (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib31) 2021; 64
Luo (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib63) 2018; 259
Li (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib90) 2021; 34
Zhou (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib94) 2016; 103
Pal (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib111) 2009; 45
Yang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib9) 2016; 227
Ding (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib101) 2010
Naicheng (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib34) 2009
Peng (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib70) 2006; 36
Wu (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib102) 2003; 217
Zhang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib125) 2016; 59
Li (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib62) 2018; 24
Li (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib69) 2019; 742
Xiong (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib4) 2015
Martina (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib27) 2012; 212
Ayarkwa (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib51) 2017; 18
Wang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib50) 2004; 148
Vergeest (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib85) 1996; 23
Escobar-Palafox (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib67) 2011; 26
Nguyen (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib149) 2020; 35
Yin (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib20) 2008; 31
Huang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib74) 2016; 50
Xia (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib46) 2021
Lin (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib24) 2016; 102
Shen (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib103) 2010; 59
Wang (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib47) 2021; 288
Derekar (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib130) 2020; 107
Xiong (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib95) 2013; 41
Mukherjee (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib121) 2017; 126
Fan (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib100) 2003; 140
Pringle (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib119) 2020; 8
Bonaccorso (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib13) 2011; 58
Martina (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib8) 2019; 25
10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib5
10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib84
Tian (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib79) 2017; 694
Ge (10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib76) 2019; 163
References_xml – volume: 44
  start-page: 11
  year: 2020
  end-page: 17
  ident: bib98
  article-title: Research process of formation law, microstructure evolution and residual in wire and arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Mater. Mech. Eng.
– volume: 17
  start-page: 103
  year: 2002
  end-page: 124
  ident: bib17
  article-title: Rapid prototyping of 5356-aluminum alloy based on variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding: process control and microstructure
  publication-title: Mater. Manuf. Process.
– year: 2010
  ident: bib1
  article-title: Report on the Development Strategy of Mechanical Engineering (2011-2020)
– volume: 34
  year: 2021
  ident: bib90
  article-title: Self-Adaptive control system for additive manufacturing using double electrode micro plasma arc welding
  publication-title: Chin. J. Mech. Eng.
– volume: 4
  start-page: 28
  year: 2002
  end-page: 41
  ident: bib96
  article-title: Geometry regulation of material deposition in near-net shape manufacturing by thermally scanned welding
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
– volume: 39
  year: 2021
  ident: bib14
  article-title: Evolution of crystallographic orientation, columnar to equiaxed transformation and mechanical properties realized by adding TiCps in wire and arc additive manufacturing 2219 aluminum alloy
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 212
  start-page: 175
  year: 1998
  end-page: 182
  ident: bib89
  article-title: Rapid prototyping of metal parts by three-dimensional welding
  publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part B.
– year: 2013
  ident: bib2
  article-title: Development of the additive manufacturing(3D printing)Technology
  publication-title: Mach. Build. Autom.
– volume: 64
  start-page: 253
  year: 2021
  end-page: 264
  ident: bib49
  article-title: A shape control strategy for wire arc additive manufacturing of thin-walled aluminium structures with sharp corners
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
– volume: 36
  start-page: 33
  year: 2006
  end-page: 36
  ident: bib70
  article-title: Study of surfacing-welding shaping based on robot
  publication-title: Electr. Weld. Mach.
– volume: 8
  year: 2020
  ident: bib119
  article-title: Open source arc analyzer: multi-sensor monitoring of wire arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: HardwareX
– volume: 46
  year: 2021
  ident: bib133
  article-title: Effect of path strategy on residual stress and distortion in laser and cold metal transfer hybrid additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 57
  start-page: 597
  year: 2011
  end-page: 603
  ident: bib10
  article-title: Morphology investigation on direct current pulsed gas tungsten arc welded additive layer manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 259
  start-page: 353
  year: 2018
  end-page: 360
  ident: bib63
  article-title: Influence of pulsed arc on the metal droplet deposited by projected transfer mode in wire-arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 91
  start-page: 289
  year: 2015
  end-page: 303
  ident: bib18
  article-title: Controlling the microstructure and properties of wire arc additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V with trace boron additions
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
– start-page: 152
  year: 2010
  end-page: 155
  ident: bib19
  article-title: Design and Experimental Study of Welding Rapid Prototyping of Metal Structure
– volume: 29–32
  start-page: 37
  year: 2016
  ident: bib53
  article-title: Wire + arc additive manufacturing for aluminum alloy deposits
  publication-title: Aeros. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 10
  year: 2019
  ident: bib58
  article-title: Effect of heat input on formability, microstructure, and properties of Al–7Si–0.6Mg alloys deposited by CMT-WAAM process
  publication-title: Appl. Sci.
– volume: 124
  start-page: 504
  year: 2018
  end-page: 516
  ident: bib65
  article-title: Numerical analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow in multilayer deposition of PAW-based wire and arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Heat Mass Tran.
– volume: 213
  start-page: 1782
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1791
  ident: bib122
  article-title: Microstructure and residual stress improvement in wire and arc additively manufactured parts through high-pressure rolling
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 64
  start-page: 10
  year: 2021
  end-page: 19
  ident: bib45
  article-title: Effect of magnetic Field on the microstructure and mechanical properties of inconel 625 superalloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
– volume: 140
  start-page: 668
  year: 2003
  end-page: 675
  ident: bib100
  article-title: Low-cost infrared sensing system for monitoring the welding process in the presence of plate inclination angle
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 214
  start-page: 2488
  year: 2014
  end-page: 2496
  ident: bib72
  article-title: Interchangeable metal transfer phenomenon in GMA welding: features, mechanisms, classification
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 13
  year: 2020
  ident: bib82
  article-title: Analysis of the machining process of titanium Ti6Al-4V parts manufactured by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)
  publication-title: Materials
– volume: 35
  year: 2020
  ident: bib35
  article-title: Thermal sensing and heat input control for thin-walled structure building based on numerical simulation for wire and arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 171
  start-page: 112
  year: 2003
  end-page: 118
  ident: bib30
  article-title: Fundamental study on plasma deposition manufacturing
  publication-title: Surf. Coating. Technol.
– volume: 48
  start-page: 3143
  year: 2017
  end-page: 3151
  ident: bib131
  article-title: Fabrication of copper-rich Cu-Al alloy using the wire-arc additive manufacturing process
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. B
– volume: 59
  start-page: 283
  year: 2010
  end-page: 298
  ident: bib103
  article-title: Real-time seam tracking technology of welding robot with visual sensing
  publication-title: J. Intell. Rob. Syst.
– volume: 26
  year: 2011
  ident: bib67
  article-title: Preliminary empirical models for predicting shrinkage, Part Geometry and metallurgical aspects of Ti-6Al-4V shaped metal deposition builds
  publication-title: IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.
– volume: 14
  start-page: 4168
  year: 2021
  ident: bib118
  article-title: Detection and identification of defects in 3D-printed dielectric structures via thermographic inspection and deep neural networks
  publication-title: Materials
– volume: 11
  year: 2018
  ident: bib61
  article-title: Correlations between microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties in 5183 aluminium alloy fabricated by wire-arc additive manufacturing with different arc modes
  publication-title: Materials
– volume: 148
  start-page: 93
  year: 2004
  end-page: 102
  ident: bib50
  article-title: Rapid prototyping of 4043 Al-alloy parts by VP-GTAW
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 211
  start-page: 1146
  year: 2011
  end-page: 1158
  ident: bib12
  article-title: Wire based additive layer manufacturing: comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6AL-4V components fabricated by laser-beam deposition and shaped metal deposition
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 199
  year: 2021
  ident: bib21
  article-title: Hot-wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy with reduced porosity and high deposition rate
  publication-title: Mater. Des.
– volume: 10
  year: 2020
  ident: bib87
  article-title: Additive manufacturing with superduplex stainless steel wire by CMT process
  publication-title: Metals
– volume: 52
  start-page: 97
  year: 2016
  end-page: 102
  ident: bib56
  article-title: Model for multi-beads overlapping calculation in GTA-additive manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Mech. Eng.
– volume: 148
  year: 2020
  ident: bib148
  article-title: Heat transfer, fluid flow and electromagnetic model of droplets generation and melt pool behaviour for wire arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Heat Mass Tran.
– volume: 34
  start-page: 895
  year: 2018
  end-page: 916
  ident: bib120
  article-title: A review of wire arc additive manufacturing and advances in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol.
– volume: 64
  start-page: 369
  year: 2021
  end-page: 378
  ident: bib22
  article-title: Modelling and experimental observation of the deposition geometry and microstructure evolution of aluminum alloy fabricated by wire-arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
– volume: 23
  start-page: 17
  year: 1996
  end-page: 20
  ident: bib85
  article-title: Robot machines rapid prototype
  publication-title: Ind. Robot
– volume: 35
  start-page: 101265
  year: 2020
  ident: bib149
  article-title: Continuous Eulerian tool path strategies for wire-arc additive manufacturing of rib-web structures with machine-learning-based adaptive void filling
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 64
  start-page: 188
  year: 2021
  end-page: 197
  ident: bib31
  article-title: Wire arc additive manufacturing of an aeronautic fitting with different metal alloys: from the design to the part
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
– volume: 651
  start-page: 18
  year: 2016
  end-page: 26
  ident: bib59
  article-title: The strengthening effect of inter-layer cold working and post-deposition heat treatment on the additively manufactured Al–6.3Cu alloy
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng.
– volume: 32
  start-page: 25
  year: 2015
  end-page: 36
  ident: bib106
  article-title: Computer vision technology for seam tracking in robotic GTAW and GMAW
  publication-title: Robot. Comput. Integrated Manuf.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 109
  year: 2019
  end-page: 117
  ident: bib92
  article-title: Compulsively constricted WAAM with arc plasma and droplets ejected from a narrow space
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 59
  year: 2016
  ident: bib125
  article-title: Development of laser additive manufacturing of high-performance metal parts
  publication-title: Aeron. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 31
  start-page: 55
  year: 2008
  end-page: 58
  ident: bib20
  article-title: Rapid prototyping of 5356 Al-alloy parts by argon tungsten-arc welding
  publication-title: Ordnance Material Sci. Eng.
– volume: 85
  start-page: 97
  year: 2015
  end-page: 101
  ident: bib93
  article-title: Measurement and calculation of plasma drag force in arc welding based on high-speed photography technology and particle dynamics
  publication-title: Mater. Des.
– volume: 102
  start-page: 30
  year: 2016
  end-page: 40
  ident: bib24
  article-title: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V wall deposited by pulsed plasma arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Mater. Des.
– volume: 24
  year: 2013
  ident: bib107
  article-title: Online measurement of bead geometry in GMAW-based additive manufacturing using passive vision
  publication-title: Meas. Sci. Technol.
– volume: 134
  start-page: 804
  year: 2019
  end-page: 813
  ident: bib117
  article-title: Energy characteristics of droplet transfer in wire-arc additive manufacturing based on the analysis of arc signals
  publication-title: Measurement
– year: 2021
  ident: bib46
  article-title: Modelling and prediction of surface roughness in wire arc additive manufacturing using machine learning
  publication-title: J. Intell. Manf.
– start-page: 54
  year: 2003
  end-page: 56
  ident: bib28
  article-title: Design of directly metal forming system based on 3D welding with micro plasma arc
  publication-title: Mach. Tool Hydraul.
– volume: 116
  start-page: 166
  year: 2016
  end-page: 176
  ident: bib80
  article-title: Grain refining of magnesium welds by arc oscillation
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
– volume: 17
  year: 2006
  ident: bib71
  article-title: Direct rapid manufacturing of metal parts besed on 3D welding
  publication-title: China Mech. Eng.
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1200
  year: 2017
  end-page: 1207
  ident: bib127
  article-title: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr12MoV by ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser surface melting
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol.
– volume: 48
  start-page: 200
  year: 2019
  end-page: 207
  ident: bib136
  article-title: Research progress on residual stress in laser additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Surf. Technol.
– start-page: 80
  year: 2015
  end-page: 85
  ident: bib4
  article-title: Research status of wire and arc additive manufacture and its application in aeronautical manufacturing
  publication-title: Aeron. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 73
  start-page: 1413
  year: 2014
  end-page: 1425
  ident: bib105
  article-title: Real-time image processing for vision-based weld seam tracking in robotic GMAW
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
– year: 2014
  ident: bib113
  article-title: Porosity of additive manufacturing parts for process monitoring
  publication-title: AIP Conf. Proc.
– volume: 73
  start-page: 66
  year: 2016
  end-page: 75
  ident: bib147
  article-title: Towards an automated robotic arc-welding-based additive manufacturing system from CAD to finished part
  publication-title: Comput. Aided Des.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 387
  year: 2013
  end-page: 394
  ident: bib40
  article-title: Hybrid direct manufacturing method of metallic parts using deposition and micro continuous rolling
  publication-title: Rapid Prototyp. J.
– volume: 89
  start-page: 755
  year: 2016
  end-page: 763
  ident: bib99
  article-title: A wire deflection detection method based on image processing in wire+arcadditive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 44
  start-page: 785
  year: 2004
  end-page: 796
  ident: bib16
  article-title: Effect of heat sink on microstructure of three-dimensional parts built by welding-based deposition
  publication-title: Int. J. Mach. Tool Manufact.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 472
  year: 2016
  end-page: 483
  ident: bib54
  article-title: Optimisation of interpass temperature and heat input for wire and arc additive manufacturing 5A06 aluminium alloy
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join.
– volume: 126
  start-page: 43
  year: 2017
  end-page: 52
  ident: bib73
  article-title: Finite element analysis and experimental validation of thermal behavior for thin-walled parts in GMAW-based additive manufacturing with various substrate preheating temperatures
  publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng.
– volume: 212
  start-page: 1377
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1386
  ident: bib27
  article-title: Investigation of the benefits of plasma deposition for the additive layer manufacture of Ti–6Al–4V
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– year: 2014
  ident: bib138
  article-title: Effect of process control and powder quality on inconel 718 produced using electron beam melting
  publication-title: 8th International Symposium on Superalloy 718 and Derivatives
– volume: 40
  year: 2013
  ident: bib124
  article-title: Experimental study on ultrasonic-assisted laser metal deposition of titanium alloy
  publication-title: Chin. J. Laser B
– volume: 227
  start-page: 153
  year: 2016
  end-page: 160
  ident: bib9
  article-title: Forming characteristics of thin-wall steel parts by double electrode GMAW based additive manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 107
  start-page: 311
  year: 2020
  end-page: 331
  ident: bib130
  article-title: Effect of pulsed metal inert gas (pulsed-MIG) and cold metal transfer (CMT) techniques on hydrogen dissolution in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of aluminium
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 32
  start-page: 641
  year: 2016
  end-page: 647
  ident: bib141
  article-title: Wire + arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol.
– volume: 10
  year: 2020
  ident: bib88
  article-title: The influence of heat input on the microstructure and properties of wire-arc-additive-manufactured Al-Cu-Sn alloy deposits
  publication-title: Metals
– start-page: 42
  year: 2020
  end-page: 46
  ident: bib114
  article-title: Online detection of defects in arc additive manufacturing based on infrared temperature field
  publication-title: Weld. Joining.
– volume: 61
  start-page: 315
  year: 2016
  end-page: 360
  ident: bib139
  article-title: The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. Mater. Rev.
– volume: 694
  start-page: 429
  year: 2017
  end-page: 438
  ident: bib79
  article-title: Microstructure evolution of Inconel 625 with 0.4 wt% boron modification during gas tungsten arc deposition
  publication-title: J. Alloys Compd.
– volume: 217
  start-page: 879
  year: 2003
  end-page: 882
  ident: bib102
  article-title: Vision-based measurement of weld pool geometry in constant-current gas tungsten arc welding
  publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part B.
– volume: 10
  year: 2016
  ident: bib68
  article-title: Mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced by shaped metal deposition
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater.
– volume: 742
  start-page: 287
  year: 2019
  end-page: 294
  ident: bib69
  article-title: Reducing arc heat input and obtaining equiaxed grains by hot-wire method during arc additive manufacturing titanium alloy
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng.
– ident: bib143
  article-title: Norsk titanium and premium AEROTEC take first step in joint qualification program for additive manufactured titanium aircraft components
– volume: 25
  start-page: 545
  year: 2019
  end-page: 550
  ident: bib8
  article-title: Tandem metal inert gas process for high productivity wire arc additive manufacturing in stainless steel
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 9
  year: 2019
  ident: bib146
  article-title: CMT additive manufacturing of a high strength steel alloy for application in crane construction
  publication-title: Metals
– volume: 40
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  end-page: 6
  ident: bib60
  article-title: Numerical simulation on residual stress and deformation or WAAM parts of aluminum alloy based on temperature function method
  publication-title: Trans. China Weld. Inst.
– volume: 239
  start-page: 92
  year: 2017
  end-page: 102
  ident: bib15
  article-title: EMD-based pulsed TIG welding process porosity defect detection and defect diagnosis using GA-SVM
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 135
  start-page: 347
  year: 2003
  end-page: 357
  ident: bib38
  article-title: Weld deposition-based rapid prototyping: a preliminary study
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 250
  start-page: 220
  year: 2017
  end-page: 227
  ident: bib134
  article-title: Investigation of mechanical properties for hybrid deposition and micro-rolling of bainite steel
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 9
  year: 2016
  ident: bib81
  article-title: Fabricating superior NiAl bronze components through wire arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Materials
– volume: 212
  start-page: 1557
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1566
  ident: bib116
  article-title: Automatic defect identification using thermal image analysis for online weld quality monitoring
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– ident: bib145
  article-title: The 10m-class high-strength aluminum alloy connecting ring of heavy-duty carrier rocket have been built integrally
– volume: 163
  year: 2019
  ident: bib76
  article-title: Thermal-induced microstructural evolution and defect distribution of wire-arc additive manufacturing 2Cr13 part: numerical simulation and experimental characterization
  publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng.
– volume: 13
  year: 2019
  ident: bib86
  article-title: Study on microstructural and mechanical properties of an Al–Cu–Sn alloy wall deposited by double-wire arc additive manufacturing process
  publication-title: Materials
– volume: 103
  start-page: 521
  year: 2016
  end-page: 537
  ident: bib94
  article-title: Three-dimensional numerical simulation of arc and metal transport in arc welding based additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Heat Mass Tran.
– volume: 42
  year: 2015
  ident: bib128
  article-title: Influence of ultrasonic vibration on melt pool in laser melting process
  publication-title: Chin. J. Laser B
– reference: Bandari YK, Williams SW, Ding J, Martina F. Additive manufacture of large structures: robotic or CNC systems? in 26th International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium.
– volume: 141
  start-page: 207
  year: 2015
  end-page: 209
  ident: bib126
  article-title: Dilution characteristics of ultrasonic assisted laser clad yttria-stabilized zirconia coating
  publication-title: Mater. Lett.
– volume: 213
  start-page: 1146
  year: 2013
  end-page: 1156
  ident: bib109
  article-title: Real-time defect detection in pulsed GTAW of Al alloys through on-line spectroscopy
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 210
  start-page: 1397
  year: 2010
  end-page: 1410
  ident: bib110
  article-title: Investigation on arc sound and metal transfer modes for on-line monitoring in pulsed gas metal arc welding
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– year: 2011
  ident: bib132
  article-title: Thermo-mechanical analysis of wire and arc additive layer manufacturing process on large multi-layer parts
  publication-title: Comput. Mater. Sci.
– volume: 58
  start-page: 3126
  year: 2011
  end-page: 3132
  ident: bib13
  article-title: An arc welding robot control for a shaped metal deposition plant: modular software interface and sensors
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
– volume: 212
  start-page: 1654
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1662
  ident: bib104
  article-title: Real-time seam tracking control technology during welding robot GTAW process based on passive vision sensor
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– ident: bib144
– volume: 238
  year: 2019
  ident: bib42
  article-title: T-GMAW based novel Multi-node trajectory planning for fabricating grid stiffened panels: an efficient production technology
  publication-title: J. Clean. Prod.
– volume: 262
  start-page: 210
  year: 2018
  end-page: 220
  ident: bib64
  article-title: Design and cracking susceptibility of additively manufactured Al-Cu-Mg alloys with tandem wires and pulsed arc
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 40
  year: 2021
  ident: bib25
  article-title: The potential for grain refinement of Wire-Arc Additive Manufactured (WAAM) Ti-6Al-4V by ZrN and TiN inoculation
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 41
  year: 2021
  ident: bib83
  article-title: Porosity in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 179
  start-page: 61
  year: 2016
  end-page: 64
  ident: bib123
  article-title: Microstructures and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr stainless steel parts fabricated by ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser engineered net shaping process
  publication-title: Mater. Lett.
– volume: 37
  year: 2021
  ident: bib26
  article-title: Wire-arc additive manufacturing and post-heat treatment optimization on microstructure and mechanical properties of Grade 91 steel
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 226
  start-page: 1042
  year: 2012
  end-page: 1051
  ident: bib43
  article-title: Fabrication of geometrical features using wire and arc additive manufacture
  publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part B.
– reference: . (accessed 1 December 2021).
– volume: 31
  start-page: 101
  year: 2015
  end-page: 110
  ident: bib32
  article-title: A multi-bead overlapping model for robotic wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)
  publication-title: Robot. Comput. Integrated Manuf.
– volume: 101
  start-page: 1349
  year: 2018
  end-page: 1356
  ident: bib55
  article-title: Effect of in-process active cooling on forming quality and efficiency of tandem GMAW–based additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
– year: 2010
  ident: bib101
  article-title: Research on Characteristic of MAG Weld Pool Visual Image and Control Model in One-Side Welding with Back Formation Weld
– year: 2014
  ident: bib39
  article-title: Forming Characteristics in Multi-Layer Single-Bead GMA Additive Manufacturing and Control for Deposition Dimension
– volume: 126
  start-page: 360
  year: 2017
  end-page: 372
  ident: bib121
  article-title: An improved prediction of residual stresses and distortion in additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Comput. Mater. Sci.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 672
  year: 2018
  end-page: 686
  ident: bib3
  article-title: Invited review article: strategies and processes for high quality wire arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 288
  start-page: 116895
  year: 2021
  ident: bib47
  article-title: Wire-arc additive manufacturing of AZ31 magnesium alloy fabricated by cold metal transfer heat source: processing, microstructure, and mechanical behavior
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 9–12
  start-page: 73
  year: 2016
  ident: bib44
  article-title: Robotic wire-arc additive manufacturing for aluminum component
  publication-title: Weld. Joining.
– volume: 209
  start-page: 124
  year: 2009
  end-page: 130
  ident: bib29
  article-title: Metal direct prototyping by using hybrid plasma deposition and milling
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– year: 2017
  ident: bib108
  article-title: An online surface defects detection system for AWAM based on deep learning
  publication-title: Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium–An Additive Manufacturing Conference 2017
– volume: 35
  start-page: 127
  year: 2018
  end-page: 139
  ident: bib33
  article-title: A review of the wire arc additive manufacturing of metals: properties, defects and quality improvement
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
– volume: 19
  start-page: 505
  year: 2014
  end-page: 513
  ident: bib137
  article-title: Stress relaxation due to ultrasonic impact treatment on multi-pass welds
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 857
  year: 2016
  end-page: 863
  ident: bib41
  article-title: HDMR technology for the aircraft metal part
  publication-title: Rapid Prototyp. J.
– volume: 45
  start-page: 1113
  year: 2009
  end-page: 1130
  ident: bib111
  article-title: Prediction of metal deposition from arc sound and weld temperature signatures in pulsed MIG welding
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
– start-page: 57
  year: 2015
  end-page: 60
  ident: bib6
  article-title: Current state and future development of the wire arc additive manufacture technology abroad
  publication-title: Aeros. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 486
  start-page: 431
  year: 2019
  end-page: 440
  ident: bib57
  article-title: Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloys fabricated by WAAM
  publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci.
– year: 2014
  ident: bib112
  article-title: Online monitoring of additive manufacturing processes using ultrasound
  publication-title: 11th European Conference on Non-destructive Testing
– volume: 50
  start-page: 1906
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1910
  ident: bib74
  article-title: Additive manufacturing by double electrode micro-plasma arc welding
  publication-title: J. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (Sci.)
– year: 2009
  ident: bib34
  article-title: Study on Metal Rapid Prototuping Based on Arc Welding Robot
– volume: 96
  start-page: 871
  year: 2018
  end-page: 879
  ident: bib48
  article-title: Adaptive process control of wire and arc additive manufacturing for fabricating complex-shaped components
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
– ident: bib142
  article-title: Have we 3D printed the biggest metal part ever
– volume: 24
  start-page: 36
  year: 2018
  end-page: 42
  ident: bib62
  article-title: In-process control of distortion in wire and arc additive manufacturing based on a flexible multi-point support fixture
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join.
– volume: 69
  start-page: 19
  year: 2017
  end-page: 29
  ident: bib23
  article-title: Microstructural evolution and mechanical property of Ti-6Al-4V wall deposited by continuous plasma arc additive manufacturing without post heat treatment
  publication-title: J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater.
– volume: 29
  start-page: 480
  year: 2013
  end-page: 488
  ident: bib78
  article-title: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of inconel 625 alloy during pulsed plasma arc deposition process
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Technol.
– volume: 27
  start-page: 3612
  year: 1996
  end-page: 3620
  ident: bib140
  article-title: Solidification of an alloy 625 weld overlay
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans.
– volume: 26
  start-page: 389
  year: 2021
  end-page: 411
  ident: bib135
  article-title: Auxiliary energy-assisted arc welding processes and their modelling, sensing and control
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join.
– volume: 62
  start-page: 18
  year: 2021
  end-page: 27
  ident: bib37
  article-title: Influences of the compressed dry air-based active cooling on external and internal qualities of wire-arc additive manufactured thin-walled SS308L components
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
– volume: 18
  start-page: 186
  year: 2017
  end-page: 193
  ident: bib51
  article-title: Assessing the effect of TIG alternating current time cycle on aluminium wire + arc additive manufacture
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 8
  year: 2018
  ident: bib36
  article-title: Thermoelectric cooling-aided bead geometry regulation in wire and arc-based additive manufacturing of thin-walled structures
  publication-title: Appl. Sci.
– year: 2020
  ident: bib91
  article-title: Double-Electrode Micro-plasma Arc Welding Curved Surface Part Additive Manufacturing Control System
– volume: 747
  start-page: 255
  year: 2018
  end-page: 265
  ident: bib52
  article-title: Microstructure, residual stress and tensile properties control of wire-arc additive manufactured 2319 aluminum alloy with laser shock peening
  publication-title: J. Alloys Compd.
– volume: 41
  start-page: 82
  year: 2013
  end-page: 88
  ident: bib95
  article-title: Vision-sensing and bead width control of a single-bead multi-layer part: material and energy savings in GMAW-based rapid manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Clean. Prod.
– start-page: 3
  year: 2018
  end-page: 24
  ident: bib7
  article-title: In Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing, Arc Welding Processes for Additive Manufacturing: A Review
– volume: 31
  year: 2007
  ident: bib97
  article-title: Research of TIG welding rapid prototyping laser vision detecting system
  publication-title: Laser Technol.
– volume: 250
  start-page: 304
  year: 2017
  end-page: 312
  ident: bib11
  article-title: Effects of heat accumulation on the arc characteristics and metal transfer behavior in wire arc additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
– volume: 3
  year: 2015
  ident: bib115
  article-title: Analysis and correction of defects within parts fabricated using powder bed fusion technology
  publication-title: Surf. Topogr. Metrol. Prop.
– volume: 80
  start-page: 1767
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1776
  ident: bib77
  article-title: Forming appearance analysis in multi-layer single-pass GMAW-based additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 748
  start-page: 911
  year: 2018
  end-page: 921
  ident: bib75
  article-title: Characterization of wire arc additive manufacturing 2Cr13 part: process stability, microstructural evolution, and tensile properties
  publication-title: J. Alloys Compd.
– volume: 37
  start-page: 48
  year: 2015
  end-page: 53
  ident: bib129
  article-title: Designing a WAAM based manufacturing system for defence applications
  publication-title: Procedia CIRP
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1439
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1448
  ident: bib66
  article-title: Residual stress of as-deposited and rolled wire+arc additive manufacturing Ti–6Al–4V components
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol.
– year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib1
– volume: 140
  start-page: 668
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib100
  article-title: Low-cost infrared sensing system for monitoring the welding process in the presence of plate inclination angle
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00836-7
– start-page: 152
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib19
– volume: 26
  start-page: 389
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib135
  article-title: Auxiliary energy-assisted arc welding processes and their modelling, sensing and control
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join.
  doi: 10.1080/13621718.2021.1926659
– volume: 134
  start-page: 804
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib117
  article-title: Energy characteristics of droplet transfer in wire-arc additive manufacturing based on the analysis of arc signals
  publication-title: Measurement
  doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2018.10.048
– volume: 33
  start-page: 1200
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib127
  article-title: Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr12MoV by ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser surface melting
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1080/02670836.2016.1273989
– volume: 209
  start-page: 124
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib29
  article-title: Metal direct prototyping by using hybrid plasma deposition and milling
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.01.059
– volume: 211
  start-page: 1146
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib12
  article-title: Wire based additive layer manufacturing: comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6AL-4V components fabricated by laser-beam deposition and shaped metal deposition
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.01.018
– year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib46
  article-title: Modelling and prediction of surface roughness in wire arc additive manufacturing using machine learning
  publication-title: J. Intell. Manf.
  doi: 10.1007/s10845-020-01725-4
– volume: 148
  start-page: 93
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib50
  article-title: Rapid prototyping of 4043 Al-alloy parts by VP-GTAW
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.01.058
– volume: 250
  start-page: 304
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib11
  article-title: Effects of heat accumulation on the arc characteristics and metal transfer behavior in wire arc additive manufacturing of Ti6Al4V
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.07.037
– volume: 9
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib81
  article-title: Fabricating superior NiAl bronze components through wire arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Materials
  doi: 10.3390/ma9080652
– volume: 61
  start-page: 315
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib139
  article-title: The metallurgy and processing science of metal additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. Mater. Rev.
  doi: 10.1080/09506608.2015.1116649
– volume: 288
  start-page: 116895
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib47
  article-title: Wire-arc additive manufacturing of AZ31 magnesium alloy fabricated by cold metal transfer heat source: processing, microstructure, and mechanical behavior
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116895
– start-page: 54
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib28
  article-title: Design of directly metal forming system based on 3D welding with micro plasma arc
  publication-title: Mach. Tool Hydraul.
– volume: 486
  start-page: 431
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib57
  article-title: Effect of heat input on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Mg alloys fabricated by WAAM
  publication-title: Appl. Surf. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.04.255
– volume: 80
  start-page: 1767
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib77
  article-title: Forming appearance analysis in multi-layer single-pass GMAW-based additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00170-015-7112-4
– ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib84
– volume: 27
  start-page: 109
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib92
  article-title: Compulsively constricted WAAM with arc plasma and droplets ejected from a narrow space
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 96
  start-page: 871
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib48
  article-title: Adaptive process control of wire and arc additive manufacturing for fabricating complex-shaped components
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00170-018-1590-0
– volume: 40
  start-page: 1
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib60
  article-title: Numerical simulation on residual stress and deformation or WAAM parts of aluminum alloy based on temperature function method
  publication-title: Trans. China Weld. Inst.
– volume: 45
  start-page: 1113
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib111
  article-title: Prediction of metal deposition from arc sound and weld temperature signatures in pulsed MIG welding
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00170-009-2052-5
– volume: 31
  start-page: 101
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib32
  article-title: A multi-bead overlapping model for robotic wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)
  publication-title: Robot. Comput. Integrated Manuf.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rcim.2014.08.008
– volume: 10
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib88
  article-title: The influence of heat input on the microstructure and properties of wire-arc-additive-manufactured Al-Cu-Sn alloy deposits
  publication-title: Metals
– volume: 226
  start-page: 1042
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib43
  article-title: Fabrication of geometrical features using wire and arc additive manufacture
  publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part B.
  doi: 10.1177/0954405412437126
– volume: 262
  start-page: 210
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib64
  article-title: Design and cracking susceptibility of additively manufactured Al-Cu-Mg alloys with tandem wires and pulsed arc
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.06.030
– volume: 26
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib67
  article-title: Preliminary empirical models for predicting shrinkage, Part Geometry and metallurgical aspects of Ti-6Al-4V shaped metal deposition builds
  publication-title: IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng.
  doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/26/1/012002
– volume: 35
  start-page: 101265
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib149
  article-title: Continuous Eulerian tool path strategies for wire-arc additive manufacturing of rib-web structures with machine-learning-based adaptive void filling
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 31
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib97
  article-title: Research of TIG welding rapid prototyping laser vision detecting system
  publication-title: Laser Technol.
– start-page: 57
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib6
  article-title: Current state and future development of the wire arc additive manufacture technology abroad
  publication-title: Aeros. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 116
  start-page: 166
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib80
  article-title: Grain refining of magnesium welds by arc oscillation
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.06.036
– volume: 42
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib128
  article-title: Influence of ultrasonic vibration on melt pool in laser melting process
  publication-title: Chin. J. Laser B
– year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib39
– volume: 35
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib35
  article-title: Thermal sensing and heat input control for thin-walled structure building based on numerical simulation for wire and arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 102
  start-page: 30
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib24
  article-title: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V wall deposited by pulsed plasma arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Mater. Des.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.018
– volume: 44
  start-page: 785
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib16
  article-title: Effect of heat sink on microstructure of three-dimensional parts built by welding-based deposition
  publication-title: Int. J. Mach. Tool Manufact.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijmachtools.2004.01.009
– volume: 163
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib76
  article-title: Thermal-induced microstructural evolution and defect distribution of wire-arc additive manufacturing 2Cr13 part: numerical simulation and experimental characterization
  publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng.
  doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114335
– volume: 91
  start-page: 289
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib18
  article-title: Controlling the microstructure and properties of wire arc additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V with trace boron additions
  publication-title: Acta Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.03.035
– volume: 58
  start-page: 3126
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib13
  article-title: An arc welding robot control for a shaped metal deposition plant: modular software interface and sensors
  publication-title: IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.
  doi: 10.1109/TIE.2011.2114311
– volume: 64
  start-page: 369
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib22
  article-title: Modelling and experimental observation of the deposition geometry and microstructure evolution of aluminum alloy fabricated by wire-arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.037
– volume: 50
  start-page: 1906
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib74
  article-title: Additive manufacturing by double electrode micro-plasma arc welding
  publication-title: J. Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ. (Sci.)
– volume: 212
  start-page: 1654
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib104
  article-title: Real-time seam tracking control technology during welding robot GTAW process based on passive vision sensor
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.03.007
– volume: 107
  start-page: 311
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib130
  article-title: Effect of pulsed metal inert gas (pulsed-MIG) and cold metal transfer (CMT) techniques on hydrogen dissolution in wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) of aluminium
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00170-020-04946-2
– volume: 747
  start-page: 255
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib52
  article-title: Microstructure, residual stress and tensile properties control of wire-arc additive manufactured 2319 aluminum alloy with laser shock peening
  publication-title: J. Alloys Compd.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.353
– volume: 212
  start-page: 1557
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib116
  article-title: Automatic defect identification using thermal image analysis for online weld quality monitoring
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.03.002
– ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib5
– start-page: 3
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib7
  doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-5355-9_1
– year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib91
– volume: 126
  start-page: 360
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib121
  article-title: An improved prediction of residual stresses and distortion in additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Comput. Mater. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2016.10.003
– volume: 148
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib148
  article-title: Heat transfer, fluid flow and electromagnetic model of droplets generation and melt pool behaviour for wire arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Heat Mass Tran.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.119102
– volume: 23
  start-page: 17
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib85
  article-title: Robot machines rapid prototype
  publication-title: Ind. Robot
  doi: 10.1108/01439919610130328
– volume: 4
  start-page: 28
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib96
  article-title: Geometry regulation of material deposition in near-net shape manufacturing by thermally scanned welding
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
  doi: 10.1016/S1526-6125(02)70131-X
– volume: 14
  start-page: 4168
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib118
  article-title: Detection and identification of defects in 3D-printed dielectric structures via thermographic inspection and deep neural networks
  publication-title: Materials
  doi: 10.3390/ma14154168
– volume: 10
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib58
  article-title: Effect of heat input on formability, microstructure, and properties of Al–7Si–0.6Mg alloys deposited by CMT-WAAM process
  publication-title: Appl. Sci.
  doi: 10.3390/app10010070
– volume: 126
  start-page: 43
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib73
  article-title: Finite element analysis and experimental validation of thermal behavior for thin-walled parts in GMAW-based additive manufacturing with various substrate preheating temperatures
  publication-title: Appl. Therm. Eng.
  doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.07.168
– volume: 213
  start-page: 1782
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib122
  article-title: Microstructure and residual stress improvement in wire and arc additively manufactured parts through high-pressure rolling
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.04.012
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib108
  article-title: An online surface defects detection system for AWAM based on deep learning
– volume: 141
  start-page: 207
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib126
  article-title: Dilution characteristics of ultrasonic assisted laser clad yttria-stabilized zirconia coating
  publication-title: Mater. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.11.058
– volume: 9–12
  start-page: 73
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib44
  article-title: Robotic wire-arc additive manufacturing for aluminum component
  publication-title: Weld. Joining.
– volume: 22
  start-page: 857
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib41
  article-title: HDMR technology for the aircraft metal part
  publication-title: Rapid Prototyp. J.
  doi: 10.1108/RPJ-05-2015-0047
– volume: 39
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib14
  article-title: Evolution of crystallographic orientation, columnar to equiaxed transformation and mechanical properties realized by adding TiCps in wire and arc additive manufacturing 2219 aluminum alloy
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 34
  start-page: 895
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib120
  article-title: A review of wire arc additive manufacturing and advances in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1080/02670836.2018.1455012
– volume: 11
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib61
  article-title: Correlations between microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties in 5183 aluminium alloy fabricated by wire-arc additive manufacturing with different arc modes
  publication-title: Materials
  doi: 10.3390/ma11112075
– start-page: 42
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib114
  article-title: Online detection of defects in arc additive manufacturing based on infrared temperature field
  publication-title: Weld. Joining.
– volume: 13
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib86
  article-title: Study on microstructural and mechanical properties of an Al–Cu–Sn alloy wall deposited by double-wire arc additive manufacturing process
  publication-title: Materials
  doi: 10.3390/ma13010073
– volume: 37
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib26
  article-title: Wire-arc additive manufacturing and post-heat treatment optimization on microstructure and mechanical properties of Grade 91 steel
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 135
  start-page: 347
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib38
  article-title: Weld deposition-based rapid prototyping: a preliminary study
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00867-1
– volume: 24
  start-page: 36
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib62
  article-title: In-process control of distortion in wire and arc additive manufacturing based on a flexible multi-point support fixture
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join.
  doi: 10.1080/13621718.2018.1476083
– volume: 29
  start-page: 480
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib78
  article-title: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of inconel 625 alloy during pulsed plasma arc deposition process
  publication-title: J. Mater. Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2013.02.010
– volume: 212
  start-page: 1377
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib27
  article-title: Investigation of the benefits of plasma deposition for the additive layer manufacture of Ti–6Al–4V
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.02.002
– year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib113
  article-title: Porosity of additive manufacturing parts for process monitoring
  publication-title: AIP Conf. Proc.
  doi: 10.1063/1.4864957
– volume: 27
  start-page: 3612
  year: 1996
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib140
  article-title: Solidification of an alloy 625 weld overlay
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans.
  doi: 10.1007/BF02595452
– volume: 651
  start-page: 18
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib59
  article-title: The strengthening effect of inter-layer cold working and post-deposition heat treatment on the additively manufactured Al–6.3Cu alloy
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng.
  doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.101
– volume: 212
  start-page: 175
  year: 1998
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib89
  article-title: Rapid prototyping of metal parts by three-dimensional welding
  publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part B.
  doi: 10.1243/0954405981515590
– volume: 179
  start-page: 61
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib123
  article-title: Microstructures and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr stainless steel parts fabricated by ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser engineered net shaping process
  publication-title: Mater. Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2016.05.055
– volume: 748
  start-page: 911
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib75
  article-title: Characterization of wire arc additive manufacturing 2Cr13 part: process stability, microstructural evolution, and tensile properties
  publication-title: J. Alloys Compd.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.222
– volume: 17
  start-page: 103
  year: 2002
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib17
  article-title: Rapid prototyping of 5356-aluminum alloy based on variable polarity gas tungsten arc welding: process control and microstructure
  publication-title: Mater. Manuf. Process.
  doi: 10.1081/AMP-120002801
– volume: 62
  start-page: 18
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib37
  article-title: Influences of the compressed dry air-based active cooling on external and internal qualities of wire-arc additive manufactured thin-walled SS308L components
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.11.046
– volume: 32
  start-page: 641
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib141
  article-title: Wire + arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1179/1743284715Y.0000000073
– year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib34
– volume: 41
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib83
  article-title: Porosity in wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminium alloys
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 40
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib124
  article-title: Experimental study on ultrasonic-assisted laser metal deposition of titanium alloy
  publication-title: Chin. J. Laser B
– volume: 227
  start-page: 153
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib9
  article-title: Forming characteristics of thin-wall steel parts by double electrode GMAW based additive manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.08.021
– volume: 25
  start-page: 545
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib8
  article-title: Tandem metal inert gas process for high productivity wire arc additive manufacturing in stainless steel
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 64
  start-page: 253
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib49
  article-title: A shape control strategy for wire arc additive manufacturing of thin-walled aluminium structures with sharp corners
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.029
– volume: 34
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib90
  article-title: Self-Adaptive control system for additive manufacturing using double electrode micro plasma arc welding
  publication-title: Chin. J. Mech. Eng.
  doi: 10.1186/s10033-021-00581-4
– start-page: 80
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib4
  article-title: Research status of wire and arc additive manufacture and its application in aeronautical manufacturing
  publication-title: Aeron. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 32
  start-page: 25
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib106
  article-title: Computer vision technology for seam tracking in robotic GTAW and GMAW
  publication-title: Robot. Comput. Integrated Manuf.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rcim.2014.09.002
– volume: 238
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib42
  article-title: T-GMAW based novel Multi-node trajectory planning for fabricating grid stiffened panels: an efficient production technology
  publication-title: J. Clean. Prod.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117919
– volume: 22
  start-page: 472
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib54
  article-title: Optimisation of interpass temperature and heat input for wire and arc additive manufacturing 5A06 aluminium alloy
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join.
  doi: 10.1080/13621718.2016.1259031
– volume: 48
  start-page: 200
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib136
  article-title: Research progress on residual stress in laser additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Surf. Technol.
– volume: 44
  start-page: 11
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib98
  article-title: Research process of formation law, microstructure evolution and residual in wire and arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Mater. Mech. Eng.
– volume: 85
  start-page: 97
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib93
  article-title: Measurement and calculation of plasma drag force in arc welding based on high-speed photography technology and particle dynamics
  publication-title: Mater. Des.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.156
– volume: 48
  start-page: 3143
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib131
  article-title: Fabrication of copper-rich Cu-Al alloy using the wire-arc additive manufacturing process
  publication-title: Metall. Mater. Trans. B
  doi: 10.1007/s11663-017-1071-0
– volume: 103
  start-page: 521
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib94
  article-title: Three-dimensional numerical simulation of arc and metal transport in arc welding based additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Heat Mass Tran.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.06.084
– volume: 210
  start-page: 1397
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib110
  article-title: Investigation on arc sound and metal transfer modes for on-line monitoring in pulsed gas metal arc welding
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.03.029
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1439
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib66
  article-title: Residual stress of as-deposited and rolled wire+arc additive manufacturing Ti–6Al–4V components
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1080/02670836.2016.1142704
– volume: 8
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib36
  article-title: Thermoelectric cooling-aided bead geometry regulation in wire and arc-based additive manufacturing of thin-walled structures
  publication-title: Appl. Sci.
– volume: 10
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib68
  article-title: Mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced by shaped metal deposition
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater.
– volume: 239
  start-page: 92
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib15
  article-title: EMD-based pulsed TIG welding process porosity defect detection and defect diagnosis using GA-SVM
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.07.015
– volume: 199
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib21
  article-title: Hot-wire arc additive manufacturing of aluminum alloy with reduced porosity and high deposition rate
  publication-title: Mater. Des.
  doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109370
– volume: 46
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib133
  article-title: Effect of path strategy on residual stress and distortion in laser and cold metal transfer hybrid additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 24
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib107
  article-title: Online measurement of bead geometry in GMAW-based additive manufacturing using passive vision
  publication-title: Meas. Sci. Technol.
  doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/24/11/115103
– volume: 29–32
  start-page: 37
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib53
  article-title: Wire + arc additive manufacturing for aluminum alloy deposits
  publication-title: Aeros. Manuf. Technol.
– volume: 694
  start-page: 429
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib79
  article-title: Microstructure evolution of Inconel 625 with 0.4 wt% boron modification during gas tungsten arc deposition
  publication-title: J. Alloys Compd.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.019
– volume: 19
  start-page: 505
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib137
  article-title: Stress relaxation due to ultrasonic impact treatment on multi-pass welds
  publication-title: Sci. Technol. Weld. Join.
  doi: 10.1179/1362171814Y.0000000219
– volume: 3
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib115
  article-title: Analysis and correction of defects within parts fabricated using powder bed fusion technology
  publication-title: Surf. Topogr. Metrol. Prop.
  doi: 10.1088/2051-672X/3/3/034002
– volume: 31
  start-page: 55
  year: 2008
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib20
  article-title: Rapid prototyping of 5356 Al-alloy parts by argon tungsten-arc welding
  publication-title: Ordnance Material Sci. Eng.
– volume: 40
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib25
  article-title: The potential for grain refinement of Wire-Arc Additive Manufactured (WAAM) Ti-6Al-4V by ZrN and TiN inoculation
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 64
  start-page: 10
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib45
  article-title: Effect of magnetic Field on the microstructure and mechanical properties of inconel 625 superalloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.008
– year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib2
  article-title: Development of the additive manufacturing(3D printing)Technology
  publication-title: Mach. Build. Autom.
– year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib112
  article-title: Online monitoring of additive manufacturing processes using ultrasound
– volume: 52
  start-page: 97
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib56
  article-title: Model for multi-beads overlapping calculation in GTA-additive manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Mech. Eng.
  doi: 10.3901/JME.2016.10.097
– year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib101
– year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib138
  article-title: Effect of process control and powder quality on inconel 718 produced using electron beam melting
– volume: 259
  start-page: 353
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib63
  article-title: Influence of pulsed arc on the metal droplet deposited by projected transfer mode in wire-arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.04.047
– volume: 18
  start-page: 186
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib51
  article-title: Assessing the effect of TIG alternating current time cycle on aluminium wire + arc additive manufacture
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 36
  start-page: 33
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib70
  article-title: Study of surfacing-welding shaping based on robot
  publication-title: Electr. Weld. Mach.
– volume: 10
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib87
  article-title: Additive manufacturing with superduplex stainless steel wire by CMT process
  publication-title: Metals
  doi: 10.3390/met10020272
– volume: 89
  start-page: 755
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib99
  article-title: A wire deflection detection method based on image processing in wire+arcadditive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00170-016-9106-2
– volume: 73
  start-page: 66
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib147
  article-title: Towards an automated robotic arc-welding-based additive manufacturing system from CAD to finished part
  publication-title: Comput. Aided Des.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cad.2015.12.003
– volume: 250
  start-page: 220
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib134
  article-title: Investigation of mechanical properties for hybrid deposition and micro-rolling of bainite steel
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.07.023
– volume: 35
  start-page: 127
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib33
  article-title: A review of the wire arc additive manufacturing of metals: properties, defects and quality improvement
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.08.001
– volume: 171
  start-page: 112
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib30
  article-title: Fundamental study on plasma deposition manufacturing
  publication-title: Surf. Coating. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0257-8972(03)00250-0
– volume: 19
  start-page: 387
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib40
  article-title: Hybrid direct manufacturing method of metallic parts using deposition and micro continuous rolling
  publication-title: Rapid Prototyp. J.
  doi: 10.1108/RPJ-01-2012-0006
– volume: 64
  start-page: 188
  year: 2021
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib31
  article-title: Wire arc additive manufacturing of an aeronautic fitting with different metal alloys: from the design to the part
  publication-title: J. Manuf. Process.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.01.012
– volume: 124
  start-page: 504
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib65
  article-title: Numerical analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow in multilayer deposition of PAW-based wire and arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Heat Mass Tran.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.03.085
– volume: 13
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib82
  article-title: Analysis of the machining process of titanium Ti6Al-4V parts manufactured by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM)
  publication-title: Materials
  doi: 10.3390/ma13030766
– volume: 101
  start-page: 1349
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib55
  article-title: Effect of in-process active cooling on forming quality and efficiency of tandem GMAW–based additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00170-018-2927-4
– volume: 59
  start-page: 283
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib103
  article-title: Real-time seam tracking technology of welding robot with visual sensing
  publication-title: J. Intell. Rob. Syst.
  doi: 10.1007/s10846-010-9403-1
– volume: 742
  start-page: 287
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib69
  article-title: Reducing arc heat input and obtaining equiaxed grains by hot-wire method during arc additive manufacturing titanium alloy
  publication-title: Mater. Sci. Eng.
  doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.022
– volume: 41
  start-page: 82
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib95
  article-title: Vision-sensing and bead width control of a single-bead multi-layer part: material and energy savings in GMAW-based rapid manufacturing
  publication-title: J. Clean. Prod.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.10.009
– volume: 214
  start-page: 2488
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib72
  article-title: Interchangeable metal transfer phenomenon in GMA welding: features, mechanisms, classification
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2014.05.022
– volume: 22
  start-page: 672
  year: 2018
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib3
  article-title: Invited review article: strategies and processes for high quality wire arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: Addit. Manuf.
– volume: 37
  start-page: 48
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib129
  article-title: Designing a WAAM based manufacturing system for defence applications
  publication-title: Procedia CIRP
  doi: 10.1016/j.procir.2015.08.085
– volume: 57
  start-page: 597
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib10
  article-title: Morphology investigation on direct current pulsed gas tungsten arc welded additive layer manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00170-011-3299-1
– volume: 59
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib125
  article-title: Development of laser additive manufacturing of high-performance metal parts
  publication-title: Aeron. Manuf. Technol.
– year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib132
  article-title: Thermo-mechanical analysis of wire and arc additive layer manufacturing process on large multi-layer parts
  publication-title: Comput. Mater. Sci.
  doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2011.06.023
– volume: 8
  year: 2020
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib119
  article-title: Open source arc analyzer: multi-sensor monitoring of wire arc additive manufacturing
  publication-title: HardwareX
  doi: 10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00137
– volume: 213
  start-page: 1146
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib109
  article-title: Real-time defect detection in pulsed GTAW of Al alloys through on-line spectroscopy
  publication-title: J. Mater. Process. Technol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.01.012
– volume: 69
  start-page: 19
  year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib23
  article-title: Microstructural evolution and mechanical property of Ti-6Al-4V wall deposited by continuous plasma arc additive manufacturing without post heat treatment
  publication-title: J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.12.015
– volume: 17
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib71
  article-title: Direct rapid manufacturing of metal parts besed on 3D welding
  publication-title: China Mech. Eng.
– volume: 217
  start-page: 879
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib102
  article-title: Vision-based measurement of weld pool geometry in constant-current gas tungsten arc welding
  publication-title: Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part B.
  doi: 10.1243/09544050360673279
– volume: 73
  start-page: 1413
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib105
  article-title: Real-time image processing for vision-based weld seam tracking in robotic GMAW
  publication-title: Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00170-014-5925-1
– volume: 9
  year: 2019
  ident: 10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330_bib146
  article-title: CMT additive manufacturing of a high strength steel alloy for application in crane construction
  publication-title: Metals
  doi: 10.3390/met9060650
SSID ssj0002810137
Score 2.535583
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) outstandingly features in lower cost and higher efficiency than other metal additive manufacturing technologies, which...
SourceID doaj
crossref
elsevier
SourceType Open Website
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 100330
SubjectTerms Hardware system
Multi-scale and multi-physics research
Physical process
Review
Wire arc additive manufacturing
Title Comprehensive review of wire arc additive manufacturing: Hardware system, physical process, monitoring, property characterization, application and future prospects
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100330
https://doaj.org/article/33fbcc14c6f04cfd8d0e50f6a26b2730
Volume 13
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV09T8MwELVQJxgQn6J8yQNjIuLYSVM2QK0qpDJRqVtkOzZQ0TQqrdj4M_xR7uykykQXlg6Rk1S5s-9d8t4zITeZtUmGrEZjuIAGheGckzbspxnU8ziyUuN7yPFzOpqIp2kybW31hZwwbw_sH9wt51ZpzYRObSS0LbIiMklkUxmnCkqv69ah5rWaqZl7ZcRqw0yA90g_4FGjm3PkLlTWla_QHsYMeQIcSdCtuuTs-1vlqVVyhgdkv8aK9N7_x0OyY8ojstdyEDwmPzifl-bN09CpF6LQhaVoQUwhiSkShnBJo3NZrlHG4HSJdxQ_2X9JGOS9nANa1RGjldcOBHTu5jsOD_BghTa8VG8cnr2AM6Ctb-BUlgX1NiV4hpNxfp6QyXDw8jgK630XQi1YtgoTZQrAMUWihJHQOsuUyb7mqWXaCsUyyxREMC76XCG-tBpwADOqFwGUBETF-CnplIvSnBGqIV4Smkyb6UgUsFgoWCFhbZaaM2lS2SW8eeq5rk3JcW-Mj7xhn81yH6scY5X7WHVJuDmr8qYcW8Y_YEA3Y9FS2x2ARMvrRMu3JVqX9Jp0yGt04lEHXOr9z9uf_8ftL8hujMoLR3-7JJ3Vcm2uAA-t1LVLffgdfw9-AT2jDPU
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Comprehensive+review+of+wire+arc+additive+manufacturing%3A+Hardware+system%2C+physical+process%2C+monitoring%2C+property+characterization%2C+application+and+future+prospects&rft.jtitle=Results+in+engineering&rft.au=Yan+Li&rft.au=Chen+Su&rft.au=Jianjun+Zhu&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.issn=2590-1230&rft.eissn=2590-1230&rft.volume=13&rft.spage=100330&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.rineng.2021.100330&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_33fbcc14c6f04cfd8d0e50f6a26b2730
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2590-1230&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2590-1230&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2590-1230&client=summon