The p38/Reactivating Kinase Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Cascade Mediates the Activation of the Transcription Factor Insulin Upstream Factor 1 and Insulin Gene Transcription by High Glucose in Pancreatic β-Cells
Insulin upstream factor 1 (IUF1), a transcription factor present in pancreatic β-cells, binds to the sequence C(C/T)TAATG present at several sites within the human insulin promoter. Here we isolated and sequenced cDNA encoding human IUF1 and exploited it to identify the signal transduction pathway b...
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Published in | The Journal of biological chemistry Vol. 272; no. 33; pp. 20936 - 20944 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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United States
Elsevier Inc
15.08.1997
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Abstract | Insulin upstream factor 1 (IUF1), a transcription factor present in pancreatic β-cells, binds to the sequence C(C/T)TAATG present at several sites within the human insulin promoter. Here we isolated and sequenced cDNA encoding human IUF1 and exploited it to identify the signal transduction pathway by which glucose triggers its activation. In human islets, or in the mouse β-cell line MIN6, high glucose induced the binding of IUF1 to DNA, an effect mimicked by serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors, indicating that DNA binding was induced by a phosphorylation mechanism. The glucose-stimulated binding of IUF1 to DNA and IUF1-dependent gene transcription were both prevented by SB 203580, a specific inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase 2 (SAPK2, also termed p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, reactivating kinase, CSBP, and Mxi2) but not by several other protein kinase inhibitors. Consistent with this finding, high glucose activated mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP kinase-2) (a downstream target of SAPK2) in MIN6 cells, an effect that was also blocked by SB 203580. Cellular stresses that trigger the activation of SAPK2 and MAPKAP kinase-2 (arsenite, heat shock) also stimulated IUF1 binding to DNA and IUF1-dependent gene transcription, and these effects were also prevented by SB 203580.
IUF1 expressed in Escherichia coli was unable to bind to DNA, but binding was induced by incubation with MgATP, SAPK2, and a MIN6 cell extract, which resulted in the conversion of IUF1 to a slower migrating form. SAPK2 could not be replaced by p42 MAP kinase, MAPKAP kinase-2, or MAPKAP kinase-3. The glucose-stimulated activation of IUF1 DNA binding and MAPKAP kinase-2 (but not the arsenite-induced activation of these proteins) was prevented by wortmannin and LY 294002 at concentrations similar to those that inhibit phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase. Our results indicate that high glucose (a cellular stress) activates SAPK2 by a novel mechanism in which a wortmannin/LY 294002-sensitive component plays an essential role. SAPK2 then activates IUF1 indirectly by activating a novel IUF1-activating enzyme. |
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AbstractList | Insulin upstream factor 1 (IUF1), a transcription factor present in pancreatic β-cells, binds to the sequence C(C/T)TAATG present at several sites within the human insulin promoter. Here we isolated and sequenced cDNA encoding human IUF1 and exploited it to identify the signal transduction pathway by which glucose triggers its activation. In human islets, or in the mouse β-cell line MIN6, high glucose induced the binding of IUF1 to DNA, an effect mimicked by serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors, indicating that DNA binding was induced by a phosphorylation mechanism. The glucose-stimulated binding of IUF1 to DNA and IUF1-dependent gene transcription were both prevented by SB 203580, a specific inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase 2 (SAPK2, also termed p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, reactivating kinase, CSBP, and Mxi2) but not by several other protein kinase inhibitors. Consistent with this finding, high glucose activated mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP kinase-2) (a downstream target of SAPK2) in MIN6 cells, an effect that was also blocked by SB 203580. Cellular stresses that trigger the activation of SAPK2 and MAPKAP kinase-2 (arsenite, heat shock) also stimulated IUF1 binding to DNA and IUF1-dependent gene transcription, and these effects were also prevented by SB 203580.
IUF1 expressed in Escherichia coli was unable to bind to DNA, but binding was induced by incubation with MgATP, SAPK2, and a MIN6 cell extract, which resulted in the conversion of IUF1 to a slower migrating form. SAPK2 could not be replaced by p42 MAP kinase, MAPKAP kinase-2, or MAPKAP kinase-3. The glucose-stimulated activation of IUF1 DNA binding and MAPKAP kinase-2 (but not the arsenite-induced activation of these proteins) was prevented by wortmannin and LY 294002 at concentrations similar to those that inhibit phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase. Our results indicate that high glucose (a cellular stress) activates SAPK2 by a novel mechanism in which a wortmannin/LY 294002-sensitive component plays an essential role. SAPK2 then activates IUF1 indirectly by activating a novel IUF1-activating enzyme. Insulin upstream factor 1 (IUF1), a transcription factor present in pancreatic beta -cells, binds to the sequence C(C/T)TAATG present at several sites within the human insulin promoter. Here we isolated and sequenced cDNA encoding human IUF1 and exploited it to identify the signal transduction pathway by which glucose triggers its activation. In human islets, or in the mouse beta -cell line MIN6, high glucose induced the binding of IUF1 to DNA, an effect mimicked by serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitors, indicating that DNA binding was induced by a phosphorylation mechanism. The glucose-stimulated binding of IUF1 to DNA and IUF1-dependent gene transcription were both prevented by SB 203580, a specific inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase 2 (SAPK2, also termed p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, reactivating kinase, CSBP, and Mxi2) but not by several other protein kinase inhibitors. Consistent with this finding, high glucose activated mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP kinase-2) (a downstream target of SAPK2) in MIN6 cells, an effect that was also blocked by SB 203580. Cellular stresses that trigger the activation of SAPK2 and MAPKAP kinase-2 (arsenite, heat shock) also stimulated IUF1 binding to DNA and IUF1-dependent gene transcription, and these effects were also prevented by SB 203580. IUF1 expressed in Escherichia coli was unable to bind to DNA, but binding was induced by incubation with MgATP, SAPK2, and a MIN6 cell extract, which resulted in the conversion of IUF1 to a slower migrating form. SAPK2 could not be replaced by p42 MAP kinase, MAPKAP kinase-2, or MAPKAP kinase-3. The glucose-stimulated activation of IUF1 DNA binding and MAPKAP kinase-2 (but not the arsenite-induced activation of these proteins) was prevented by wortmannin and LY 294002 at concentrations similar to those that inhibit phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase. Our results indicate that high glucose (a cellular stress) activates SAPK2 by a novel mechanism in which a wortmannin/LY 294002-sensitive component plays an essential role. SAPK2 then activates IUF1 indirectly by activating a novel IUF1-activating enzyme. |
Author | Doza, Yair N. Clifton, Andrew D. Macfarlane, Wendy M. James, Roger F.L. Docherty, Kevin Cohen, Philip Smith, Stuart B. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Wendy M. surname: Macfarlane fullname: Macfarlane, Wendy M. organization: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom – sequence: 2 givenname: Stuart B. surname: Smith fullname: Smith, Stuart B. organization: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom – sequence: 3 givenname: Roger F.L. surname: James fullname: James, Roger F.L. organization: Department of Surgery, University of Leicester, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom – sequence: 4 givenname: Andrew D. surname: Clifton fullname: Clifton, Andrew D. organization: Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, The University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom – sequence: 5 givenname: Yair N. surname: Doza fullname: Doza, Yair N. organization: Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, The University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom – sequence: 6 givenname: Philip surname: Cohen fullname: Cohen, Philip organization: Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Institute, The University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, United Kingdom – sequence: 7 givenname: Kevin surname: Docherty fullname: Docherty, Kevin organization: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9252422$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Copyright | 1997 © 1997 ASBMB. Currently published by Elsevier Inc; originally published by American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. |
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Snippet | Insulin upstream factor 1 (IUF1), a transcription factor present in pancreatic β-cells, binds to the sequence C(C/T)TAATG present at several sites within the... Insulin upstream factor 1 (IUF1), a transcription factor present in pancreatic beta-cells, binds to the sequence C(C/T)TAATG present at several sites within... Insulin upstream factor 1 (IUF1), a transcription factor present in pancreatic beta -cells, binds to the sequence C(C/T)TAATG present at several sites within... |
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SubjectTerms | Amino Acid Sequence Animals Base Sequence Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases - physiology Cells, Cultured Cloning, Molecular DNA - metabolism Glucose - pharmacology Humans Insulin - genetics Islets of Langerhans - metabolism Mice Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Molecular Sequence Data p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) - physiology Transcription Factors - metabolism Transcription, Genetic |
Title | The p38/Reactivating Kinase Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Cascade Mediates the Activation of the Transcription Factor Insulin Upstream Factor 1 and Insulin Gene Transcription by High Glucose in Pancreatic β-Cells |
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