Discrimination Experiences during COVID-19 among a National, Multi-Lingual, Community-Based Sample of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: COMPASS Findings

Reports of escalated discrimination among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) due to COVID-19 are alarming, making this a public health priority. However, there are limited empirical studies on the scope and impact of COVID-19-related discrimination among AAPIs. Using the COVID-19 Effects...

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Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 19; no. 2; p. 924
Main Authors Ta Park, Van M, Dougan, Marcelle M, Meyer, Oanh L, Nam, Bora, Tzuang, Marian, Park, Linda G, Vuong, Quyen, Bang, Joon, Tsoh, Janice Y
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 14.01.2022
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Abstract Reports of escalated discrimination among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) due to COVID-19 are alarming, making this a public health priority. However, there are limited empirical studies on the scope and impact of COVID-19-related discrimination among AAPIs. Using the COVID-19 Effects on the Mental and Physical Health of AAPI Survey Study (COMPASS) data (N = 4971; survey period: October 2020-February 2021), which is a U.S.-wide multi-lingual survey, we examined the prevalence of, and factors associated with discrimination experiences attributable to being an AAPI during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 60.7% reported experiencing discrimination; the group prevalence ranged from 80.0% (Hmong) to 40.5% (Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders). Multivariable logistic regression models revealed that COVID-19-related factors were associated with many discrimination experiences: having a shelter-in-place order of ≥1 month, living in areas with perceived similar/higher COVID-19 severity, and negative impact in family income/employment due to COVID-19. Additionally, being Asian American (versus Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders), females, non-heterosexuals, younger, more severe effect on family income, living in the non-West, and poorer health were significantly correlated with discrimination experiences. Findings may assist in formulating anti-AAPI-discrimination policies and programs at the local, state, and federal levels. Culturally appropriate programs and policies to combat this are urgently needed.
AbstractList Reports of escalated discrimination among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) due to COVID-19 are alarming, making this a public health priority. However, there are limited empirical studies on the scope and impact of COVID-19-related discrimination among AAPIs. Using the COVID-19 Effects on the Mental and Physical Health of AAPI Survey Study (COMPASS) data (N = 4971; survey period: October 2020–February 2021), which is a U.S.-wide multi-lingual survey, we examined the prevalence of, and factors associated with discrimination experiences attributable to being an AAPI during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 60.7% reported experiencing discrimination; the group prevalence ranged from 80.0% (Hmong) to 40.5% (Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders). Multivariable logistic regression models revealed that COVID-19-related factors were associated with many discrimination experiences: having a shelter-in-place order of ≥1 month, living in areas with perceived similar/higher COVID-19 severity, and negative impact in family income/employment due to COVID-19. Additionally, being Asian American (versus Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders), females, non-heterosexuals, younger, more severe effect on family income, living in the non-West, and poorer health were significantly correlated with discrimination experiences. Findings may assist in formulating anti-AAPI-discrimination policies and programs at the local, state, and federal levels. Culturally appropriate programs and policies to combat this are urgently needed.
Author Dougan, Marcelle M
Nam, Bora
Park, Linda G
Tzuang, Marian
Vuong, Quyen
Tsoh, Janice Y
Ta Park, Van M
Meyer, Oanh L
Bang, Joon
AuthorAffiliation 6 Iona Senior Services, 4125 Albemarle Street NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA; jbang@iona.org
5 International Children Assistance Network (ICAN), 532 Valley Way, Milpitas, CA 95035, USA; quyen.vuong@ican2.org
4 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis (UCD), Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; olmeyer@ucdavis.edu
1 Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; bora.nam@ucsf.edu (B.N.); yuan.tzuang@ucsf.edu (M.T.); Linda.Park@ucsf.edu (L.G.P.)
2 Asian American Research Center on Health (ARCH), University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; janice.tsoh@ucsf.edu
7 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California—San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
3 Department of Public Health and Recreation, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; marcelle.dougan@sjsu.edu
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Department of Public Health and Recreation, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; marcelle.dougan@sjsu.edu
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2022 by the authors. 2022
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Keywords COVID-19
discrimination
Asian Americans
native Hawaiians and Pacific islanders
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Snippet Reports of escalated discrimination among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) due to COVID-19 are alarming, making this a public health priority....
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SubjectTerms Asian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander - statistics & numerical data
Asian Americans
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 - psychology
Female
Humans
Pandemics
Polls & surveys
Prevalence
Public health
Regression analysis
SARS-CoV-2
Social Discrimination - statistics & numerical data
Xenophobia
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Title Discrimination Experiences during COVID-19 among a National, Multi-Lingual, Community-Based Sample of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: COMPASS Findings
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35055744
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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8776140
Volume 19
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