Infinitive vs. Gerund Use and Interpretation in Heritage Spanish

• Published in: Languages (Basel) Vol. 8; no. 3; p. 214
• Main Authors: Solano-Escobar, Laura, Cuza, Alejandro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2023
• Subjects: Clauses; Gerunds; Grammar, Comparative and general; Heritage language; heritage languages; Infinitives; infinitives in Spanish; Language; Language proficiency; Spanish heritage speakers; Spanish language; Syntax; Verb; Colombia; United States; Mexico
• ISSN: 2226-471X; 2226-471X
• DOI: 10.3390/languages8030214

The present study examines the production and interpretation of infinitives among 26 Spanish heritage speakers born and raised in the US and 25 Spanish-dominant speakers from Mexico and Colombia. We tested participants’ knowledge of infinitives as subjects of the clause and as objects of a preposition via an elicited production task and a contextualized preference task. The results of both tasks showed less infinitive use by the HSs and overextension of the gerund in contexts where it is not required. The results showed that the gerund overextension was modulated by the syntactic context. There was significantly more use of the gerund as the subject of the clause in both production and interpretation and less use as the object of a preposition. Furthermore, the results showed a significant role for proficiency and language experience in the extent of grammatical reconfiguration. The higher the level of Spanish proficiency and the more exposure and use of Spanish, the more likely the participants were to produce and choose infinitives. Results are discussed along the lines of the activation approach.