3D printing of active mechanical metamaterials: A critical review

[Display omitted] •Studying 4D printed-based mechanical metamaterials systematically.•Reviewing multifunctional energy-absorbing and shape-morphing features.•Outlining applications of 4D printed-based mechanical metamaterials.•Discussing multifaceted challenges with proposed solutions. The emergence...

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Published inMaterials & design Vol. 246; p. 113305
Main Authors Khalid, Muhammad Yasir, Arif, Zia Ullah, Tariq, Ali, Hossain, Mokarram, Umer, Rehan, Bodaghi, Mahdi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2024
Elsevier
Subjects
3D/4D printing
Biomedical devices
Deployable structures
Mechanical metamaterials
Smart grippers
Mechanical metamaterials
Smart grippers
3D/4D printing
Biomedical devices
Deployable structures
Online AccessGet full text

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Abstract [Display omitted] •Studying 4D printed-based mechanical metamaterials systematically.•Reviewing multifunctional energy-absorbing and shape-morphing features.•Outlining applications of 4D printed-based mechanical metamaterials.•Discussing multifaceted challenges with proposed solutions. The emergence of mechanical metamaterials from 4D printing has paved the way for developing advanced hierarchical structures with superior multifunctionalities. In particular, 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials exhibit extraordinary mechanical performance by integrating multiphysics stimuli with advanced structures when actuated by external factors, thereby altering their shapes, properties, and functionalities. This critical review offers readers a comprehensive overview of the rapidly growing 4D printing technology for developing novel mechanical metamaterials. It provides essential information about the multifunctionalities of 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials, including energy absorption and shape-morphing behavior in response to physical, chemical, or mechanical stimuli. These capabilities are key to developing smart and intelligent structures for multifunctional applications such as biomedical, photonics, acoustics, energy storage, and thermal insulation. The primary focus of this review is to describe the structural and functional applications of mechanical metamaterials developed through 4D printing. This technology leverages the shape-shifting functions of smart materials in applications such as micro-grippers, soft robots, biomedical devices, and self-deployable structures. Additionally, the review addresses current progress and challenges in the field of 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials. In conclusion, recent developments in 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials could establish a new paradigm for applications in engineering and science.
AbstractList [Display omitted] •Studying 4D printed-based mechanical metamaterials systematically.•Reviewing multifunctional energy-absorbing and shape-morphing features.•Outlining applications of 4D printed-based mechanical metamaterials.•Discussing multifaceted challenges with proposed solutions. The emergence of mechanical metamaterials from 4D printing has paved the way for developing advanced hierarchical structures with superior multifunctionalities. In particular, 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials exhibit extraordinary mechanical performance by integrating multiphysics stimuli with advanced structures when actuated by external factors, thereby altering their shapes, properties, and functionalities. This critical review offers readers a comprehensive overview of the rapidly growing 4D printing technology for developing novel mechanical metamaterials. It provides essential information about the multifunctionalities of 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials, including energy absorption and shape-morphing behavior in response to physical, chemical, or mechanical stimuli. These capabilities are key to developing smart and intelligent structures for multifunctional applications such as biomedical, photonics, acoustics, energy storage, and thermal insulation. The primary focus of this review is to describe the structural and functional applications of mechanical metamaterials developed through 4D printing. This technology leverages the shape-shifting functions of smart materials in applications such as micro-grippers, soft robots, biomedical devices, and self-deployable structures. Additionally, the review addresses current progress and challenges in the field of 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials. In conclusion, recent developments in 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials could establish a new paradigm for applications in engineering and science.
The emergence of mechanical metamaterials from 4D printing has paved the way for developing advanced hierarchical structures with superior multifunctionalities. In particular, 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials exhibit extraordinary mechanical performance by integrating multiphysics stimuli with advanced structures when actuated by external factors, thereby altering their shapes, properties, and functionalities. This critical review offers readers a comprehensive overview of the rapidly growing 4D printing technology for developing novel mechanical metamaterials. It provides essential information about the multifunctionalities of 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials, including energy absorption and shape-morphing behavior in response to physical, chemical, or mechanical stimuli. These capabilities are key to developing smart and intelligent structures for multifunctional applications such as biomedical, photonics, acoustics, energy storage, and thermal insulation. The primary focus of this review is to describe the structural and functional applications of mechanical metamaterials developed through 4D printing. This technology leverages the shape-shifting functions of smart materials in applications such as micro-grippers, soft robots, biomedical devices, and self-deployable structures. Additionally, the review addresses current progress and challenges in the field of 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials. In conclusion, recent developments in 4D-printed mechanical metamaterials could establish a new paradigm for applications in engineering and science.
ArticleNumber 113305
Author Bodaghi, Mahdi
Khalid, Muhammad Yasir
Arif, Zia Ullah
Hossain, Mokarram
Umer, Rehan
Tariq, Ali
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  surname: Arif
  fullname: Arif, Zia Ullah
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  givenname: Ali
  surname: Tariq
  fullname: Tariq, Ali
  organization: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, 51041, Pakistan
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  givenname: Mokarram
  surname: Hossain
  fullname: Hossain, Mokarram
  organization: Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, SA1 8EN Swansea, United Kingdom
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  givenname: Mahdi
  orcidid: 0000-0002-0707-944X
  surname: Bodaghi
  fullname: Bodaghi, Mahdi
  email: mahdi.bodaghi@ntu.ac.uk
  organization: Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
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Keywords Mechanical metamaterials
Smart grippers
3D/4D printing
Biomedical devices
Deployable structures
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Snippet [Display omitted] •Studying 4D printed-based mechanical metamaterials systematically.•Reviewing multifunctional energy-absorbing and shape-morphing...
The emergence of mechanical metamaterials from 4D printing has paved the way for developing advanced hierarchical structures with superior...
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SubjectTerms 3D/4D printing
Biomedical devices
Deployable structures
Mechanical metamaterials
Smart grippers
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Title 3D printing of active mechanical metamaterials: A critical review
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