Changing anticoagulant paradigms for atrial fibrillation: dabigatran, apixaban and rivaroxaban

• Published in: Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy Vol. 12; no. 4; p. 567
• Main Authors: Giorgi, Mariano A, Cohen Arazi, Hernán, Gonzalez, Claudio D, Di Girolamo, Guillermo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England 01.03.2011
• Subjects: Anticoagulants - pharmacokinetics; Anticoagulants - pharmacology; Atrial Fibrillation - complications; Atrial Fibrillation - drug therapy; Benzimidazoles - pharmacokinetics; Benzimidazoles - pharmacology; beta-Alanine - analogs & derivatives; beta-Alanine - pharmacokinetics; beta-Alanine - pharmacology; Dabigatran; Drug Design; Humans; Morpholines - pharmacokinetics; Morpholines - pharmacology; Pyrazoles - pharmacokinetics; Pyrazoles - pharmacology; Pyridones - pharmacokinetics; Pyridones - pharmacology; Rivaroxaban; Thiophenes - pharmacokinetics; Thiophenes - pharmacology; Thromboembolism - etiology; Thromboembolism - prevention & control; Vitamin K - antagonists & inhibitors
• ISSN: 1744-7666
• DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.528754

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are the main therapeutic agents used to prevent embolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite their proven efficacy, VKAs are underused and have several limitations. In recent years, there has been great interest in the development of new oral anticoagulants with a more efficient pharmacological profile, first tested in venous thromboembolism prevention and later in AF. The authors review the pharmacological differences between dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban, and potential subgroups of patients in whom these new drugs would constitute a possible alternative to VKA therapy. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data from each compound are analyzed in respect to their potential use in AF. This article provides an exhaustive review of the current status of this topic and the controversies still regarding each drug. Apixaban and rivaroxaban are under evaluation for thromboembolic prevention in AF; dabigatran was recently approved for this indication. Therefore, it is important to know the characteristics of these drugs as a potential alternative to VKAs.