Control of Confounding and Reporting of Results in Causal Inference Studies. Guidance for Authors from Editors of Respiratory, Sleep, and Critical Care Journals
[...]we urge authors to consider using causal models when testing causal associations. [...]all other methods of controlling for confounding involve implicit assumptions about causal effects, which are not transparent to the reader. The observed associations between these covariates and the outcome...
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| Published in | Annals of the American Thoracic Society Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 22 - 28 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
American Thoracic Society
01.01.2019
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | [...]we urge authors to consider using causal models when testing causal associations. [...]all other methods of controlling for confounding involve implicit assumptions about causal effects, which are not transparent to the reader. The observed associations between these covariates and the outcome have not been subject to the same approach to control of confounding as the exposure. [...]residual confounding and other biases often heavily influence these associations. [...]we recommend that P values only rarely be presented in isolation (exceptions may include "omics" studies and tests for interaction). |
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| AbstractList | [...]we urge authors to consider using causal models when testing causal associations. [...]all other methods of controlling for confounding involve implicit assumptions about causal effects, which are not transparent to the reader. The observed associations between these covariates and the outcome have not been subject to the same approach to control of confounding as the exposure. [...]residual confounding and other biases often heavily influence these associations. [...]we recommend that P values only rarely be presented in isolation (exceptions may include "omics" studies and tests for interaction). |
| Author | Barreiro, Esther Brusasco, Vito Buchman, Timothy G. Marshall, Rachel Maslove, David M. Ballas, Zuhair K. Kolb, Martin Teboul, Jean-Louis Azoulay, Élie Swenson, Erik R. Schatz, Michael Hart, Nicholas Jenkins, Gisli Szczesniak, Rhonda Bakker, Jan Sotgiu, Giovanni Akdis, Cezmi A. Herth, Felix J. Marks, Guy B. Ost, David E. Bardin, Philip G. Vincent, Jean-Louis Suissa, Samy Riemann, Dieter Collop, Nancy A. Mazzone, Peter Sheikh, Aziz Chokroverty, Sudhansu Branson, Richard D. Chalmers, James D. Russell, Richard E. Bell, Scott C. Moorman, J. Randall Adjei, Alex A. Fitzgerald, Dominic A. Lederer, David J. Szymusiak, Ronald Murphy, Thomas M. Smyth, Alan R. Iwashyna, Theodore J. Noah, Terry L. Hale, Lauren Punjabi, Naresh M. Crapo, James D. Bellomo, Rinaldo Bernstein, Jonathan A. Stewart, Paul W. Reynolds, Paul |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: David J. orcidid: 0000-0001-5258-0228 surname: Lederer fullname: Lederer, David J. organization: Department of Medicine and, Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; Editor-in-Chief, Annals of the American Thoracic Society – sequence: 2 givenname: Scott C. orcidid: 0000-0001-8651-7139 surname: Bell fullname: Bell, Scott C. organization: Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Cystic Fibrosis – sequence: 3 givenname: Richard D. orcidid: 0000-0002-0912-3360 surname: Branson fullname: Branson, Richard D. organization: Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Editor-in-Chief, Respiratory Care – sequence: 4 givenname: James D. surname: Chalmers fullname: Chalmers, James D. organization: University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland; Deputy Chief Editor, European Respiratory Journal – sequence: 5 givenname: Rachel surname: Marshall fullname: Marshall, Rachel organization: London, England; Deputy Editor, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine – sequence: 6 givenname: David M. orcidid: 0000-0002-0765-7158 surname: Maslove fullname: Maslove, David M. organization: Department of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Associate Editor for Data Science, Critical Care Medicine – sequence: 7 givenname: David E. surname: Ost fullname: Ost, David E. organization: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology – sequence: 8 givenname: Naresh M. surname: Punjabi fullname: Punjabi, Naresh M. organization: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Deputy Editor-in-Chief, SLEEP – sequence: 9 givenname: Michael surname: Schatz fullname: Schatz, Michael organization: Department of Allergy, Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, San Diego, California; Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology: In Practice – sequence: 10 givenname: Alan R. surname: Smyth fullname: Smyth, Alan R. organization: Division of Child Health, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; Joint Editor-in-Chief, Thorax – sequence: 11 givenname: Paul W. surname: Stewart fullname: Stewart, Paul W. organization: Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Associate Editor, Pediatric Pulmonology – sequence: 12 givenname: Samy surname: Suissa fullname: Suissa, Samy organization: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Advisor, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – sequence: 13 givenname: Alex A. surname: Adjei fullname: Adjei, Alex A. organization: Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Thoracic Oncology – sequence: 14 givenname: Cezmi A. orcidid: 0000-0001-8020-019X surname: Akdis fullname: Akdis, Cezmi A. organization: Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Editor-in-Chief, Allergy – sequence: 15 givenname: Élie surname: Azoulay fullname: Azoulay, Élie organization: St. Louis Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France; Editor-in-Chief, Intensive Care Medicine – sequence: 16 givenname: Jan orcidid: 0000-0003-2236-7391 surname: Bakker fullname: Bakker, Jan organization: Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, Department of Intensive Care Adults, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, Department of Intensive Care, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Critical Care – sequence: 17 givenname: Zuhair K. surname: Ballas fullname: Ballas, Zuhair K. organization: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa; Editor-in-Chief, The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology – sequence: 18 givenname: Philip G. surname: Bardin fullname: Bardin, Philip G. organization: Monash Lung and Sleep, Monash Hospital and University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Co-Editor-in-Chief, Respirology – sequence: 19 givenname: Esther surname: Barreiro fullname: Barreiro, Esther organization: Pulmonology Department, Muscle and Lung Cancer Research Group, Research Institute of Hospital del Mar and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain; Editor-in-Chief, Archivos de Bronconeumologia – sequence: 20 givenname: Rinaldo surname: Bellomo fullname: Bellomo, Rinaldo organization: Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Austin Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care & Resuscitation – sequence: 21 givenname: Jonathan A. surname: Bernstein fullname: Bernstein, Jonathan A. organization: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Asthma – sequence: 22 givenname: Vito surname: Brusasco fullname: Brusasco, Vito organization: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Editor-in-Chief, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – sequence: 23 givenname: Timothy G. surname: Buchman fullname: Buchman, Timothy G. organization: Department of Surgery, Department of Anesthesiology, and, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care Medicine – sequence: 24 givenname: Sudhansu surname: Chokroverty fullname: Chokroverty, Sudhansu organization: JFK New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, Hackensack Meridian Health–JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey; Editor-in-Chief, Sleep Medicine – sequence: 25 givenname: Nancy A. surname: Collop fullname: Collop, Nancy A. organization: Department of Medicine and, Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine – sequence: 26 givenname: James D. surname: Crapo fullname: Crapo, James D. organization: Department of Medicine, National Jewish Hospital, Denver, Colorado; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of the COPD Foundation – sequence: 27 givenname: Dominic A. surname: Fitzgerald fullname: Fitzgerald, Dominic A. organization: The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Editor in Chief, Paediatric Respiratory Reviews – sequence: 28 givenname: Lauren surname: Hale fullname: Hale, Lauren organization: Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population and Family Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Editor-in-Chief, Sleep Health – sequence: 29 givenname: Nicholas surname: Hart fullname: Hart, Nicholas organization: Lane Fox Respiratory Service, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Joint Editor-In-Chief, Thorax – sequence: 30 givenname: Felix J. surname: Herth fullname: Herth, Felix J. organization: Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Editor-in-Chief, Respiration – sequence: 31 givenname: Theodore J. surname: Iwashyna fullname: Iwashyna, Theodore J. organization: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Veterans Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Innovation Editor, Annals of the American Thoracic Society – sequence: 32 givenname: Gisli surname: Jenkins fullname: Jenkins, Gisli organization: Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, England; Joint Editor-In-Chief, Thorax – sequence: 33 givenname: Martin surname: Kolb fullname: Kolb, Martin organization: Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Chief Editor, European Respiratory Journal – sequence: 34 givenname: Guy B. orcidid: 0000-0002-8976-8053 surname: Marks fullname: Marks, Guy B. organization: South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Joint Editor-in-Chief (Lung Diseases), International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease – sequence: 35 givenname: Peter surname: Mazzone fullname: Mazzone, Peter organization: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Incoming Editor-in-Chief, CHEST – sequence: 36 givenname: J. Randall orcidid: 0000-0002-5772-1648 surname: Moorman fullname: Moorman, J. Randall organization: Department of Medicine, Department of Physiology, and, Department of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; Editor-in-Chief, Physiological Measurement – sequence: 37 givenname: Thomas M. surname: Murphy fullname: Murphy, Thomas M. organization: Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Editor-in-Chief, Pediatric Pulmonology – sequence: 38 givenname: Terry L. surname: Noah fullname: Noah, Terry L. organization: Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Deputy Editor, Pediatric Pulmonology – sequence: 39 givenname: Paul surname: Reynolds fullname: Reynolds, Paul organization: Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Co-Editor-in-Chief, Respirology – sequence: 40 givenname: Dieter surname: Riemann fullname: Riemann, Dieter organization: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany; Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Sleep Research – sequence: 41 givenname: Richard E. surname: Russell fullname: Russell, Richard E. organization: Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Lymington New Forest Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Editor-in-Chief, International Journal of COPD – sequence: 42 givenname: Aziz surname: Sheikh fullname: Sheikh, Aziz organization: Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Editor-in-Chief: npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine – sequence: 43 givenname: Giovanni surname: Sotgiu fullname: Sotgiu, Giovanni organization: Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical, and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; Associate Editor, European Respiratory Journal; Advisor, COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – sequence: 44 givenname: Erik R. surname: Swenson fullname: Swenson, Erik R. organization: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States; Editor-in-Chief, High Altitude Medicine & Biology – sequence: 45 givenname: Rhonda surname: Szczesniak fullname: Szczesniak, Rhonda organization: Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Statistical Editor, Thorax – sequence: 46 givenname: Ronald surname: Szymusiak fullname: Szymusiak, Ronald organization: Department of Medicine and, Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California; Editor-in-Chief, SLEEP – sequence: 47 givenname: Jean-Louis surname: Teboul fullname: Teboul, Jean-Louis organization: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Editor-in-Chief, Annals of Intensive Care; and – sequence: 48 givenname: Jean-Louis surname: Vincent fullname: Vincent, Jean-Louis organization: Bicêtre Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, University Paris South, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Editor-in-Chief, Critical Care |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30230362$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://hal.science/hal-04534705$$DView record in HAL |
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| Snippet | [...]we urge authors to consider using causal models when testing causal associations. [...]all other methods of controlling for confounding involve implicit... |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Bias Causality Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Critical Care Design Epidemiology Guidelines as Topic Humans Hypotheses Hypothesis testing Life Sciences Lung cancer Models, Statistical Periodicals as Topic Pulmonary Medicine Research Design - standards Research methodology Sleep Sleep Medicine Specialty Variables |
| Title | Control of Confounding and Reporting of Results in Causal Inference Studies. Guidance for Authors from Editors of Respiratory, Sleep, and Critical Care Journals |
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