Short GRBs: Opening Angles, Local Neutron Star Merger Rate, and Off-axis Events for GRB/GW Association
The jet breaks in the afterglow light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), rarely detected so far, are crucial for estimating the half-opening angles of the ejecta (θj) and hence the neutron star merger rate. In this work, we report the detection of jet decline behaviors in GRB 150424A and GRB...
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| Published in | The Astrophysical journal Vol. 857; no. 2; pp. 128 - 137 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Philadelphia
The American Astronomical Society
20.04.2018
IOP Publishing |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The jet breaks in the afterglow light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), rarely detected so far, are crucial for estimating the half-opening angles of the ejecta (θj) and hence the neutron star merger rate. In this work, we report the detection of jet decline behaviors in GRB 150424A and GRB 160821B, and find θj ∼ 0.1 rad. Together with five events reported before 2015 and three others "identified" recently (GRB 050709, GRB 060614, and GRB 140903A), we have a sample consisting of nine SGRBs and one long-short GRB with reasonably estimated θj. In particular, three Swift bursts in the sample have redshifts z ≤ 0.2, with which we estimate the local neutron star merger rate density to be or if the narrowly beamed GRB 061201 is excluded. Inspired by the typical θj ∼ 0.1 rad found currently, we further investigate whether the off-beam GRBs (in the uniform jet model) or the off-axis events (in the structured jet model) can significantly enhance the GRB/GW association. For the former, the enhancement is at most moderate, while for the latter the enhancement can be much greater and a high GRB/GW association probability of ∼10% is possible. We also show that the data of GRB 160821B may contain a macronova/kilonova emission component with a temperature of ∼3100 K at ∼3.6 days after the burst and more data are needed to ultimately clarify. |
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| AbstractList | The jet breaks in the afterglow light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), rarely detected so far, are crucial for estimating the half-opening angles of the ejecta (θ j) and hence the neutron star merger rate. In this work, we report the detection of jet decline behaviors in GRB 150424A and GRB 160821B, and find θ j ∼ 0.1 rad. Together with five events reported before 2015 and three others “identified” recently (GRB 050709, GRB 060614, and GRB 140903A), we have a sample consisting of nine SGRBs and one long-short GRB with reasonably estimated θ j. In particular, three Swift bursts in the sample have redshifts z ≤ 0.2, with which we estimate the local neutron star merger rate density to be \(\sim {1109}_{-657}^{+1432}\,{\mathrm{Gpc}}^{-3}\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}\) or \({162}_{-83}^{+140}\,{\mathrm{Gpc}}^{-3}\,{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}\) if the narrowly beamed GRB 061201 is excluded. Inspired by the typical θ j ∼ 0.1 rad found currently, we further investigate whether the off-beam GRBs (in the uniform jet model) or the off-axis events (in the structured jet model) can significantly enhance the GRB/GW association. For the former, the enhancement is at most moderate, while for the latter the enhancement can be much greater and a high GRB/GW association probability of ∼10% is possible. We also show that the data of GRB 160821B may contain a macronova/kilonova emission component with a temperature of ∼3100 K at ∼3.6 days after the burst and more data are needed to ultimately clarify. The jet breaks in the afterglow light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), rarely detected so far, are crucial for estimating the half-opening angles of the ejecta ( θ j ) and hence the neutron star merger rate. In this work, we report the detection of jet decline behaviors in GRB 150424A and GRB 160821B, and find θ j ∼ 0.1 rad. Together with five events reported before 2015 and three others “identified” recently (GRB 050709, GRB 060614, and GRB 140903A), we have a sample consisting of nine SGRBs and one long-short GRB with reasonably estimated θ j . In particular, three Swift bursts in the sample have redshifts z ≤ 0.2, with which we estimate the local neutron star merger rate density to be or if the narrowly beamed GRB 061201 is excluded. Inspired by the typical θ j ∼ 0.1 rad found currently, we further investigate whether the off-beam GRBs (in the uniform jet model) or the off-axis events (in the structured jet model) can significantly enhance the GRB/GW association. For the former, the enhancement is at most moderate, while for the latter the enhancement can be much greater and a high GRB/GW association probability of ∼10% is possible. We also show that the data of GRB 160821B may contain a macronova/kilonova emission component with a temperature of ∼3100 K at ∼3.6 days after the burst and more data are needed to ultimately clarify. The jet breaks in the afterglow light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), rarely detected so far, are crucial for estimating the half-opening angles of the ejecta (θj) and hence the neutron star merger rate. In this work, we report the detection of jet decline behaviors in GRB 150424A and GRB 160821B, and find θj ∼ 0.1 rad. Together with five events reported before 2015 and three others "identified" recently (GRB 050709, GRB 060614, and GRB 140903A), we have a sample consisting of nine SGRBs and one long-short GRB with reasonably estimated θj. In particular, three Swift bursts in the sample have redshifts z ≤ 0.2, with which we estimate the local neutron star merger rate density to be or if the narrowly beamed GRB 061201 is excluded. Inspired by the typical θj ∼ 0.1 rad found currently, we further investigate whether the off-beam GRBs (in the uniform jet model) or the off-axis events (in the structured jet model) can significantly enhance the GRB/GW association. For the former, the enhancement is at most moderate, while for the latter the enhancement can be much greater and a high GRB/GW association probability of ∼10% is possible. We also show that the data of GRB 160821B may contain a macronova/kilonova emission component with a temperature of ∼3100 K at ∼3.6 days after the burst and more data are needed to ultimately clarify. |
| Author | Yuan, Qiang He, Hao-Ning Zou, Yuan-Chuan Wei, Da-Ming Jin, Zhi-Ping Li, Xiang Wang, Yuan-Zhu Zhang, Fu-Wen Wang, Hao Fan, Yi-Zhong |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Zhi-Ping orcidid: 0000-0003-4977-9724 surname: Jin fullname: Jin, Zhi-Ping email: jin@pmo.ac.cn organization: University of Science and Technology of China School of Astronomy and Space Science, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiang surname: Li fullname: Li, Xiang organization: Key Laboratory of dark Matter and Space Astronomy , Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, , People's Republic of China – sequence: 3 givenname: Hao orcidid: 0000-0002-0556-1857 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Hao organization: University of Science and Technology of China School of Astronomy and Space Science, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China – sequence: 4 givenname: Yuan-Zhu orcidid: 0000-0001-9626-9319 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yuan-Zhu organization: University of Science and Technology of China School of Astronomy and Space Science, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China – sequence: 5 givenname: Hao-Ning surname: He fullname: He, Hao-Ning organization: Key Laboratory of dark Matter and Space Astronomy , Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, , People's Republic of China – sequence: 6 givenname: Qiang surname: Yuan fullname: Yuan, Qiang organization: University of Science and Technology of China School of Astronomy and Space Science, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China – sequence: 7 givenname: Fu-Wen orcidid: 0000-0002-5936-8921 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Fu-Wen organization: Guilin University of Technology College of Science, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China – sequence: 8 givenname: Yuan-Chuan orcidid: 0000-0002-5400-3261 surname: Zou fullname: Zou, Yuan-Chuan organization: Huazhong University of Science and Technology School of Physics, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China – sequence: 9 givenname: Yi-Zhong orcidid: 0000-0002-8966-6911 surname: Fan fullname: Fan, Yi-Zhong email: yzfan@pmo.ac.cn organization: University of Science and Technology of China School of Astronomy and Space Science, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China – sequence: 10 givenname: Da-Ming orcidid: 0000-0002-9758-5476 surname: Wei fullname: Wei, Da-Ming email: dmwei@pmo.ac.cn organization: University of Science and Technology of China School of Astronomy and Space Science, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China |
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| Snippet | The jet breaks in the afterglow light curves of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs), rarely detected so far, are crucial for estimating the half-opening angles of... |
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| SubjectTerms | Astrophysics binaries: close Ejecta Gamma ray bursts Gamma rays gamma-ray burst: individual (GRB 150424A, GRB 160821B) gravitational waves Light curve Neutron stars Neutrons Star mergers Stars & galaxies |
| Title | Short GRBs: Opening Angles, Local Neutron Star Merger Rate, and Off-axis Events for GRB/GW Association |
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