Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers

Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remai...

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Published inPolymers Vol. 13; no. 8; p. 1260
Main Authors Lochab, Bimlesh, Monisha, Monisha, Amarnath, Nagarjuna, Sharma, Pratibha, Mukherjee, Sourav, Ishida, Hatsuo
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 13.04.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Acids
Addition polymerization
Benzoxazines
Dielectric properties
Evolution
Hydrogen bonds
Lignin
Low temperature
Molecular weight
Phenols
Polybenzoxazines
Polymerization
Polymers
Propagation
Review
Ring opening polymerization
Solvents
Sustainable materials
benzoxazine
low-temperature polymerization
polybenzoxazine
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI10.3390/polym13081260

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Abstract Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remains to be most challenging subject in the field. The current review is classified into several parts to achieve this goal. In this review, fundamentals on the synthesis and evolution of structure, which led to classification of PBz in different generations, are discussed. Classifications of PBzs are defined depending on building block as well as how structure is evolved and property obtained. Progress on the utility of biobased feedstocks from various bio-/waste-mass is also discussed and compared, wherever possible. The second part of review discusses the probable polymerization mechanism proposed for the ring-opening reactions. This is complementary to the third section, where the effect of catalysts/initiators has on triggering polymerization at low temperature is discussed extensively. The role of additional functionalities in influencing the temperature of polymerization is also discussed. There has been a shift in paradigm beyond the lowering of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature and other areas of interest, such as adaptation of molecular functionality with simultaneous improvement of properties.
AbstractList Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remains to be most challenging subject in the field. The current review is classified into several parts to achieve this goal. In this review, fundamentals on the synthesis and evolution of structure, which led to classification of PBz in different generations, are discussed. Classifications of PBzs are defined depending on building block as well as how structure is evolved and property obtained. Progress on the utility of biobased feedstocks from various bio-/waste-mass is also discussed and compared, wherever possible. The second part of review discusses the probable polymerization mechanism proposed for the ring-opening reactions. This is complementary to the third section, where the effect of catalysts/initiators has on triggering polymerization at low temperature is discussed extensively. The role of additional functionalities in influencing the temperature of polymerization is also discussed. There has been a shift in paradigm beyond the lowering of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature and other areas of interest, such as adaptation of molecular functionality with simultaneous improvement of properties.
Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remains to be most challenging subject in the field. The current review is classified into several parts to achieve this goal. In this review, fundamentals on the synthesis and evolution of structure, which led to classification of PBz in different generations, are discussed. Classifications of PBzs are defined depending on building block as well as how structure is evolved and property obtained. Progress on the utility of biobased feedstocks from various bio-/waste-mass is also discussed and compared, wherever possible. The second part of review discusses the probable polymerization mechanism proposed for the ring-opening reactions. This is complementary to the third section, where the effect of catalysts/initiators has on triggering polymerization at low temperature is discussed extensively. The role of additional functionalities in influencing the temperature of polymerization is also discussed. There has been a shift in paradigm beyond the lowering of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature and other areas of interest, such as adaptation of molecular functionality with simultaneous improvement of properties.Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize benzoxazine resin at lower temperatures than the current capability is essential in taking advantage of these exceptional properties and remains to be most challenging subject in the field. The current review is classified into several parts to achieve this goal. In this review, fundamentals on the synthesis and evolution of structure, which led to classification of PBz in different generations, are discussed. Classifications of PBzs are defined depending on building block as well as how structure is evolved and property obtained. Progress on the utility of biobased feedstocks from various bio-/waste-mass is also discussed and compared, wherever possible. The second part of review discusses the probable polymerization mechanism proposed for the ring-opening reactions. This is complementary to the third section, where the effect of catalysts/initiators has on triggering polymerization at low temperature is discussed extensively. The role of additional functionalities in influencing the temperature of polymerization is also discussed. There has been a shift in paradigm beyond the lowering of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) temperature and other areas of interest, such as adaptation of molecular functionality with simultaneous improvement of properties.
Author Mukherjee, Sourav
Ishida, Hatsuo
Sharma, Pratibha
Lochab, Bimlesh
Monisha, Monisha
Amarnath, Nagarjuna
AuthorAffiliation 3 Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 441067202, USA
2 Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India; pratibhasharma.venky@gmail.com
1 Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; mo447@snu.edu.in (M.M.); na639@snu.edu.in (N.A.); sm271@snu.edu.in (S.M.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India; pratibhasharma.venky@gmail.com
– name: 3 Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 441067202, USA
– name: 1 Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India; mo447@snu.edu.in (M.M.); na639@snu.edu.in (N.A.); sm271@snu.edu.in (S.M.)
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Bimlesh
  orcidid: 0000-0002-8434-6513
  surname: Lochab
  fullname: Lochab, Bimlesh
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Monisha
  orcidid: 0000-0001-8891-0225
  surname: Monisha
  fullname: Monisha, Monisha
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Nagarjuna
  surname: Amarnath
  fullname: Amarnath, Nagarjuna
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Pratibha
  surname: Sharma
  fullname: Sharma, Pratibha
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Sourav
  surname: Mukherjee
  fullname: Mukherjee, Sourav
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Hatsuo
  surname: Ishida
  fullname: Ishida, Hatsuo
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33924552$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Due to their outstanding and versatile properties, polybenzoxazines have quickly occupied a great niche of applications. Developing the ability to polymerize...
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SubjectTerms Acids
Addition polymerization
Benzoxazines
Dielectric properties
Evolution
Hydrogen bonds
Lignin
Low temperature
Molecular weight
Phenols
Polybenzoxazines
Polymerization
Polymers
Propagation
Review
Ring opening polymerization
Solvents
Sustainable materials
Title Review on the Accelerated and Low-Temperature Polymerization of Benzoxazine Resins: Addition Polymerizable Sustainable Polymers
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33924552
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2550251532
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2520865066
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8069336
Volume 13
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