mTORC1 activity is supported by spatial association with focal adhesions

• Published in: The Journal of cell biology Vol. 220; no. 5; p. 1
• Main Authors: Rabanal-Ruiz, Yoana, Byron, Adam, Wirth, Alexander, Madsen, Ralitsa, Sedlackova, Lucia, Hewitt, Graeme, Nelson, Glyn, Stingele, Julian, Wills, Jimi C, Zhang, Tong, Zeug, André, Fässler, Reinhard, Vanhaesebroeck, Bart, Maddocks, Oliver D K, Ponimaskin, Evgeni, Carroll, Bernadette, Korolchuk, Viktor I
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Rockefeller University Press 03.05.2021
• Subjects: Amino acids; Amino Acids - metabolism; Animals; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane - metabolism; Cell Signaling; Focal Adhesions - metabolism; Growth factors; HeLa Cells; Humans; Intracellular Membranes - metabolism; Localization; Lysosomes; Lysosomes - metabolism; Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 - metabolism; Membranes; Metabolism; Mice; Rapamycin; Signal Transduction - physiology; TOR protein; Translocation
• ISSN: 0021-9525; 1540-8140
• DOI: 10.1083/JCB.202004010

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates mitogenic and stress signals to control growth and metabolism. Activation of mTORC1 by amino acids and growth factors involves recruitment of the complex to the lysosomal membrane and is further supported by lysosome distribution to the cell periphery. Here, we show that translocation of lysosomes toward the cell periphery brings mTORC1 into proximity with focal adhesions (FAs). We demonstrate that FAs constitute discrete plasma membrane hubs mediating growth factor signaling and amino acid input into the cell. FAs, as well as the translocation of lysosome-bound mTORC1 to their vicinity, contribute to both peripheral and intracellular mTORC1 activity. Conversely, lysosomal distribution to the cell periphery is dispensable for the activation of mTORC1 constitutively targeted to FAs. This study advances our understanding of spatial mTORC1 regulation by demonstrating that the localization of mTORC1 to FAs is both necessary and sufficient for its activation by growth-promoting stimuli.