Leptospirosis among Dengue-Negative Febrile Patients in Selangor, Malaysia
In recent years, the number of leptospirosis cases, including the number of deaths, has exponentially increased in Malaysia. From June 2016 to February 2018, blood samples of 321 febrile patients with the presumptive diagnosis of dengue-like illness were examined for possible exposure to Leptospira...
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| Published in | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 107; no. 2; pp. 397 - 400 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Institute of Tropical Medicine
01.08.2022
The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
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| Abstract | In recent years, the number of leptospirosis cases, including the number of deaths, has exponentially increased in Malaysia. From June 2016 to February 2018, blood samples of 321 febrile patients with the presumptive diagnosis of dengue-like illness were examined for possible exposure to
Leptospira
. Two hundred fifty-five blood samples were tested as negative for dengue. Seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and IgM ELISA for leptospirosis were performed. From the samples, an overall prevalence for leptospirosis based on PCR of 4.7% (12/255) was obtained. Eighteen percent (46/255) were positive for anti-
Leptospira
IgM antibodies. The genome sequences of six of 12
Leptospira
PCR-positive samples showed > 97.0% similarity to
Leptospira interrogans
. One patient’s sample consisted of
Leptospira
and chikungunya virus, suggesting a coinfection. Findings from the study suggest that leptospirosis is prevalent among dengue-negative febrile patients in Malaysia. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | In recent years, the number of leptospirosis cases, including the number of deaths, has exponentially increased in Malaysia. From June 2016 to February 2018, blood samples of 321 febrile patients with the presumptive diagnosis of dengue-like illness were examined for possible exposure to Leptospira. Two hundred fifty-five blood samples were tested as negative for dengue. Seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and IgM ELISA for leptospirosis were performed. From the samples, an overall prevalence for leptospirosis based on PCR of 4.7% (12/255) was obtained. Eighteen percent (46/255) were positive for anti-Leptospira IgM antibodies. The genome sequences of six of 12 Leptospira PCR-positive samples showed > 97.0% similarity to Leptospira interrogans. One patient's sample consisted of Leptospira and chikungunya virus, suggesting a coinfection. Findings from the study suggest that leptospirosis is prevalent among dengue-negative febrile patients in Malaysia. In recent years, the number of leptospirosis cases, including the number of deaths, has exponentially increased in Malaysia. From June 2016 to February 2018, blood samples of 321 febrile patients with the presumptive diagnosis of dengue-like illness were examined for possible exposure to Leptospira. Two hundred fifty-five blood samples were tested as negative for dengue. Seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and IgM ELISA for leptospirosis were performed. From the samples, an overall prevalence for leptospirosis based on PCR of 4.7% (12/255) was obtained. Eighteen percent (46/255) were positive for anti-Leptospira IgM antibodies. The genome sequences of six of 12 Leptospira PCR-positive samples showed > 97.0% similarity to Leptospira interrogans. One patient's sample consisted of Leptospira and chikungunya virus, suggesting a coinfection. Findings from the study suggest that leptospirosis is prevalent among dengue-negative febrile patients in Malaysia.In recent years, the number of leptospirosis cases, including the number of deaths, has exponentially increased in Malaysia. From June 2016 to February 2018, blood samples of 321 febrile patients with the presumptive diagnosis of dengue-like illness were examined for possible exposure to Leptospira. Two hundred fifty-five blood samples were tested as negative for dengue. Seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and IgM ELISA for leptospirosis were performed. From the samples, an overall prevalence for leptospirosis based on PCR of 4.7% (12/255) was obtained. Eighteen percent (46/255) were positive for anti-Leptospira IgM antibodies. The genome sequences of six of 12 Leptospira PCR-positive samples showed > 97.0% similarity to Leptospira interrogans. One patient's sample consisted of Leptospira and chikungunya virus, suggesting a coinfection. Findings from the study suggest that leptospirosis is prevalent among dengue-negative febrile patients in Malaysia. In recent years, the number of leptospirosis cases, including the number of deaths, has exponentially increased in Malaysia. From June 2016 to February 2018, blood samples of 321 febrile patients with the presumptive diagnosis of dengue-like illness were examined for possible exposure to Leptospira . Two hundred fifty-five blood samples were tested as negative for dengue. Seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and IgM ELISA for leptospirosis were performed. From the samples, an overall prevalence for leptospirosis based on PCR of 4.7% (12/255) was obtained. Eighteen percent (46/255) were positive for anti- Leptospira IgM antibodies. The genome sequences of six of 12 Leptospira PCR-positive samples showed > 97.0% similarity to Leptospira interrogans . One patient’s sample consisted of Leptospira and chikungunya virus, suggesting a coinfection. Findings from the study suggest that leptospirosis is prevalent among dengue-negative febrile patients in Malaysia. |
| Author | Khoo, Jing Jing Cheh, Mi Jing Khor, Chee Sieng AbuBakar, Sazaly Loong, Shih Keng Teoh, Boon Teong Chao, Chien Chung Abd-Majid, Mohamad Azlan |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1186/s12879-018-3470-5 10.1590/S0036-46652015000500014 10.1099/jmm.0.000750 10.1016/j.medmal.2012.11.005 10.4236/ojvm.2014.45012 10.1186/s12889-019-6981-0 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.012 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.031 10.1371/journal.pone.0050476 |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Disclosure: Author C. C. C. is an employee of the U. S. Government. This work was prepared as part of official duties. Title 17 U.S.C. §105 provides that “Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government.” Title 17 U.S.C. §101 defines U.S. Government work as a work prepared by an employee of the U.S. Government as part of that person’s official duties. This study was approved by the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (NMRR15-2141-27145 [IIR]). Authors’ addresses: Shih Keng Loong, Mohamad Azlan Abd-Majid, Boon Teong Teoh, Mi Jing Cheh, Chee Sieng Khor, Jing Jing Khoo, and Sazaly AbuBakar, Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, E-mails: loongsk@um.edu.my, azlanbinmajid@gmail.com, boonteong@um.edu.my, mjcheh1995@hotmail.com, khor_cs@um.edu.my, khoojj@gmail.com, and sazaly@um.edu.my. Chien Chung Chao, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, and Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, E-mail: ch3chao@gmail.com. Financial support: We acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, for funding this work under the niche area research of the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence program (MO002-2019). The opinions and assertions contained herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Department of the Navy, U.S. Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. |
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| References | (b5) 2018; 67 (b14) 2014; 4 (b7) 2015; 14 (b1) 2017; 178 (b10) 2013; 17 (b6) 2012; 4 (b4) 2018; 35 (b12) 2013; 43 (b2) 2016; 157 (b9) 2012; 2012 (b13) 2014; 8 (b11) 2018; 18 (b16) 2012; 7 (b8) 2019; 19 (b3) 2015; 57 (b15) 2015; 2015 |
| References_xml | – volume: 2015 start-page: 147173 year: 2015 ident: b15 article-title: Highly sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of Leptospira. – volume: 4 start-page: 1419 year: 2012 ident: b6 article-title: Leptospirosis in northeastern Malaysia: misdiagnosed or coinfection? – volume: 18 start-page: 569 year: 2018 ident: b11 article-title: Seroprevalence and distribution of leptospirosis serovars among wet market workers in northeastern Malaysia: a cross sectional study doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3470-5 – volume: 57 start-page: 443 year: 2015 ident: b3 article-title: A new possibility for surveillance: do we identify all cases of leptospirosis? doi: 10.1590/S0036-46652015000500014 – volume: 14 start-page: 5 year: 2015 ident: b7 article-title: Dengue incidence and the prevention and control program in Malaysia – volume: 67 start-page: 806 year: 2018 ident: b5 article-title: Demographic, clinical and laboratory features of leptospirosis and dengue co-infection in Malaysia doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000750 – volume: 43 start-page: 1 year: 2013 ident: b12 article-title: Diagnosis and epidemiology of leptospirosis doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2012.11.005 – volume: 4 start-page: 102 year: 2014 ident: b14 article-title: Identification of ompL1 and lipL32 genes to diagnosis of pathogenic Leptospira spp. isolated from cattle doi: 10.4236/ojvm.2014.45012 – volume: 19 start-page: 628 year: 2019 ident: b8 article-title: Leptospirosis and its prevention: knowledge, attitude and practice of urban community in Selangor, Malaysia doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6981-0 – volume: 17 start-page: e394 year: 2013 ident: b10 article-title: A hospital-based study on seroprevalence of leptospirosis among febrile cases in northeastern Malaysia doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.12.012 – volume: 8 start-page: 199 year: 2014 ident: b13 article-title: Leptospirosis diagnosis: competency of various laboratory tests – volume: 178 start-page: 242 year: 2017 ident: b1 article-title: Major epidemiological factors associated with leptospirosis in Malaysia – volume: 2012 start-page: 519701 year: 2012 ident: b9 article-title: Leptospirosis prevalence in patients with initial diagnosis of dengue – volume: 35 start-page: 1 year: 2018 ident: b4 article-title: Serological evidence of high Leptospira exposure among indigenous people (Orang Asli) in Peninsular Malaysia using a recombinant antigen-based ELISA – volume: 157 start-page: 162 year: 2016 ident: b2 article-title: Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in Malaysia, 2004–2012 doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.031 – volume: 7 start-page: e50476 year: 2012 ident: b16 article-title: Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of chikungunya virus of different genotypes from Malaysia doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050476 |
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