Getting to the Sandbar: Understanding the Emotional Phases of COVID-19 Among College and University Students
This paper provides a framework for understanding the emotional and behavioral responses of college and university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It builds on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Phases of Disaster Model and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Addi...
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| Published in | Psychological reports Vol. 125; no. 6; pp. 2956 - 2980 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.12.2022
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| Abstract | This paper provides a framework for understanding the emotional and behavioral responses of college and university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It builds on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Phases of Disaster Model and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Additionally, we conceptualize a new phase in the Phases of Disaster Model, which we refer to as the “Sandbar Phase,” to address the unique factors of COVID-19 for college and university students. For each phase, we discuss the expected timeline and the associated emotional reactions, behaviors, and applications of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs during COVID-19 for college and university students. Our proposed model aims to reveal short- and long-term effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of college and university students and be a resource in the development of effective mitigation efforts to diminish any psychological deficits as the result of future disasters and/or traumatic events. |
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| AbstractList | This paper provides a framework for understanding the emotional and behavioral responses of college and university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It builds on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Phases of Disaster Model and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Additionally, we conceptualize a new phase in the Phases of Disaster Model, which we refer to as the “Sandbar Phase,” to address the unique factors of COVID-19 for college and university students. For each phase, we discuss the expected timeline and the associated emotional reactions, behaviors, and applications of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs during COVID-19 for college and university students. Our proposed model aims to reveal short- and long-term effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of college and university students and be a resource in the development of effective mitigation efforts to diminish any psychological deficits as the result of future disasters and/or traumatic events. |
| Author | Upshaw, Kalani Estep, Claire Stowe, Angela Lanzi, Robin Gaines |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.05.021 10.1097/00012272-198610000-00008 10.1037/h0054346 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191 10.1371/journal.pone.0239698 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566212 10.17226/24624 10.1037/a0023632 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105355 |
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| Keywords | sociocultural issues in psychology well-being public health issues Mental health, awareness anxiety, college, university |
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| References | Milheim 2012; 8 Husky, Kovess-Masfety, Swendsen 2020; 102 Maslow 1943; 50 Groarke, Berry, Graham-Wisener, McKenna-Plumley, McGlinchey, Armour 2020; 15 Matthews, Moore, Cronin 2020; 10 Main, Zhou, Ma, Luecken, Liu 2011; 58 Hasan, Bao 2020; 118 Noltemeyer, Bush, Patton, Bergen 2012; 34 Davis-Sharts 1986; 9 Pedrosa, Bitencourt, Fróes, Cazumbá, Campos, de Brito, Simões E Silva 2020; 11 bibr29-00332941211028105 bibr3-00332941211028105 bibr13-00332941211028105 Neff K. (bibr22-00332941211028105) 2011 bibr23-00332941211028105 Milheim K. L. (bibr20-00332941211028105) 2012; 8 bibr8-00332941211028105 Maslow A. (bibr16-00332941211028105) 1998 bibr24-00332941211028105 bibr1-00332941211028105 bibr27-00332941211028105 bibr17-00332941211028105 bibr4-00332941211028105 bibr14-00332941211028105 bibr31-00332941211028105 bibr21-00332941211028105 bibr11-00332941211028105 bibr7-00332941211028105 bibr12-00332941211028105 bibr15-00332941211028105 bibr28-00332941211028105 bibr5-00332941211028105 bibr9-00332941211028105 bibr30-00332941211028105 bibr6-00332941211028105 bibr19-00332941211028105 Matthews R. E. (bibr18-00332941211028105) 2020; 10 |
| References_xml | – volume: 58 start-page: 410 issue: 3 year: 2011 end-page: 423 article-title: Relations of SARS-related stressors and coping to Chinese college students’ psychological adjustment during the 2003 Beijing SARS epidemic publication-title: Journal of Counseling Psychology contributor: fullname: Liu – volume: 118 start-page: 105355 year: 2020 article-title: Impact of “e-Learning crack-up” perception on psychological distress among college students during COVID-19 pandemic: A mediating role of “fear of academic year loss publication-title: Children and Youth Services Review contributor: fullname: Bao – volume: 15 start-page: e0239698 issue: 9 year: 2020 article-title: Loneliness in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional results from the COVID-19 psychological wellbeing study publication-title: PLoS One contributor: fullname: Armour – volume: 11 start-page: 566212 year: 2020 article-title: Emotional, behavioral, and psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic publication-title: Frontiers in Psychology contributor: fullname: Simões E Silva – volume: 34 start-page: 1862 issue: 9 year: 2012 end-page: 1867 article-title: The relationship among deficiency needs and growth needs: An empirical investigation of Maslow’s theory publication-title: Children and Youth Services Review contributor: fullname: Bergen – volume: 9 start-page: 58 issue: 1 year: 1986 end-page: 72 article-title: An empirical test of Maslow’s theory of need hierarchy using hologeistic comparison by statistical sampling publication-title: Advances in Nursing Science contributor: fullname: Davis-Sharts – volume: 8 start-page: 159 issue: 2 year: 2012 article-title: Towards a better experience: Examining student needs in the online classroom through Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model publication-title: Journal of Online Learning and Teaching contributor: fullname: Milheim – volume: 102 start-page: 152191 year: 2020 article-title: Stress and anxiety among university students in France during covid-19 mandatory confinement publication-title: Comprehensive Psychiatry contributor: fullname: Swendsen – volume: 50 start-page: 370 issue: 4 year: 1943 end-page: 396 article-title: A theory of human motivation publication-title: Psychological Review contributor: fullname: Maslow – volume: 10 issue: 12 year: 2020 article-title: Testing Maslow’s theory of hierarchy in a COVID-19 pandemic climate: The experience of a small, private liberal arts college. publication-title: Journal of Security, Intelligence, and Resilience Education contributor: fullname: Cronin – volume: 10 issue: 12 year: 2020 ident: bibr18-00332941211028105 publication-title: Journal of Security, Intelligence, and Resilience Education contributor: fullname: Matthews R. E. – ident: bibr23-00332941211028105 doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.05.021 – ident: bibr7-00332941211028105 doi: 10.1097/00012272-198610000-00008 – volume-title: Toward a psychology of being year: 1998 ident: bibr16-00332941211028105 contributor: fullname: Maslow A. – ident: bibr6-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr17-00332941211028105 doi: 10.1037/h0054346 – ident: bibr1-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr8-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr14-00332941211028105 doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152191 – volume-title: Self-compassion: The proven power of being kind to yourself year: 2011 ident: bibr22-00332941211028105 contributor: fullname: Neff K. – ident: bibr29-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr4-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr31-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr28-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr9-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr12-00332941211028105 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239698 – ident: bibr19-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr24-00332941211028105 doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566212 – ident: bibr27-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr21-00332941211028105 doi: 10.17226/24624 – ident: bibr15-00332941211028105 doi: 10.1037/a0023632 – ident: bibr13-00332941211028105 doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105355 – ident: bibr11-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr30-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr3-00332941211028105 – ident: bibr5-00332941211028105 – volume: 8 start-page: 159 issue: 2 year: 2012 ident: bibr20-00332941211028105 publication-title: Journal of Online Learning and Teaching contributor: fullname: Milheim K. L. |
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| Title | Getting to the Sandbar: Understanding the Emotional Phases of COVID-19 Among College and University Students |
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