Effects of biochar application in forest ecosystems on soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions: a review

Purpose Forests play a critical role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling and the mitigation of global climate change. Intensive forest management and global climate change have had negative impacts on the quality of forest soils via soil acidification, reduction of soil organic carbon content, d...

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Published in	Journal of soils and sediments Vol. 18; no. 2; pp. 546 - 563
Main Authors	Li, Yongfu, Hu, Shuaidong, Chen, Junhui, Müller, Karin, Li, Yongchun, Fu, Weijun, Lin, Ziwen, Wang, Hailong
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.02.2018 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects	Acidification aggregate stability Agricultural land Agricultural management agricultural soils Agriculture biochar Biodiversity Biogeochemistry Biological properties Bulk density Capacity Carbon Carbon content Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions carbon sinks Cation exchange cation exchange capacity Cation exchanging Cations Charcoal Chemical properties Chemicophysical properties Climate Climate change Community structure Earth and Environmental Science Ecological effects Ecosystem assessment Ecosystems Emissions Environ Risk Assess Environment Environmental Physics Exchange capacity Fertility Forest ecosystems Forest management Forest soils Forests Global climate Greenhouse effect greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse gases intensive forestry methane microbial biomass microbial communities Microorganisms Mitigation Nitrous oxide Organic carbon Organic soils pH effects phosphorus Plantations Porosity potassium Properties Reduction Sec 2 • Global Change Soil Soil acidification Soil chemistry Soil degradation Soil density Soil fertility Soil improvement soil microorganisms Soil moisture Soil moisture retention soil organic carbon Soil porosity Soil properties Soil Science & Conservation soil water Soils Stability Sustainable Land Use • Review Article terrestrial ecosystems Soil acidity Plantation forest Organic carbon pool Biochar Greenhouse gases Soil amendment
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Abstract	Purpose Forests play a critical role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling and the mitigation of global climate change. Intensive forest management and global climate change have had negative impacts on the quality of forest soils via soil acidification, reduction of soil organic carbon content, deterioration of soil biological properties, and reduction of soil biodiversity. The role of biochar in improving soil properties and the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been extensively documented in agricultural soils, while the effect of biochar application on forest soils remains poorly understood. Here, we review and summarize the available literature on the effects of biochar on soil properties and GHG emissions in forest soils. Materials and methods This review focuses on (1) the effect of biochar application on soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties in forest ecosystems; (2) the effect of biochar application on soil GHG emissions in forest ecosystems; and (3) knowledge gaps concerning the effect of biochar application on biogeochemical and ecological processes in forest soils. Results and discussion Biochar application to forests generally increases soil porosity, soil moisture retention, and aggregate stability while reducing soil bulk density. In addition, it typically enhances soil chemical properties including pH, organic carbon stock, cation exchange capacity, and the concentration of available phosphorous and potassium. Further, biochar application alters microbial community structure in forest soils, while the increase of soil microbial biomass is only a short-term effect of biochar application. Biochar effects on GHG emissions have been shown to be variable as reflected in significantly decreasing soil N 2 O emissions, increasing soil CH 4 uptake, and complex (negative, positive, or negligible) changes of soil CO 2 emissions. Moreover, all of the aforementioned effects are biochar-, soil-, and plant-specific. Conclusions The application of biochars to forest soils generally results in the improvement of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties while also mitigating soil GHG emissions. Therefore, we propose that the application of biochar in forest soils has considerable advantages, and this is especially true for plantation soils with low fertility.
AbstractList	Purpose Forests play a critical role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling and the mitigation of global climate change. Intensive forest management and global climate change have had negative impacts on the quality of forest soils via soil acidification, reduction of soil organic carbon content, deterioration of soil biological properties, and reduction of soil biodiversity. The role of biochar in improving soil properties and the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been extensively documented in agricultural soils, while the effect of biochar application on forest soils remains poorly understood. Here, we review and summarize the available literature on the effects of biochar on soil properties and GHG emissions in forest soils. Materials and methods This review focuses on (1) the effect of biochar application on soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties in forest ecosystems; (2) the effect of biochar application on soil GHG emissions in forest ecosystems; and (3) knowledge gaps concerning the effect of biochar application on biogeochemical and ecological processes in forest soils. Results and discussion Biochar application to forests generally increases soil porosity, soil moisture retention, and aggregate stability while reducing soil bulk density. In addition, it typically enhances soil chemical properties including pH, organic carbon stock, cation exchange capacity, and the concentration of available phosphorous and potassium. Further, biochar application alters microbial community structure in forest soils, while the increase of soil microbial biomass is only a short-term effect of biochar application. Biochar effects on GHG emissions have been shown to be variable as reflected in significantly decreasing soil N 2 O emissions, increasing soil CH 4 uptake, and complex (negative, positive, or negligible) changes of soil CO 2 emissions. Moreover, all of the aforementioned effects are biochar-, soil-, and plant-specific. Conclusions The application of biochars to forest soils generally results in the improvement of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties while also mitigating soil GHG emissions. Therefore, we propose that the application of biochar in forest soils has considerable advantages, and this is especially true for plantation soils with low fertility. PURPOSE: Forests play a critical role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling and the mitigation of global climate change. Intensive forest management and global climate change have had negative impacts on the quality of forest soils via soil acidification, reduction of soil organic carbon content, deterioration of soil biological properties, and reduction of soil biodiversity. The role of biochar in improving soil properties and the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been extensively documented in agricultural soils, while the effect of biochar application on forest soils remains poorly understood. Here, we review and summarize the available literature on the effects of biochar on soil properties and GHG emissions in forest soils. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review focuses on (1) the effect of biochar application on soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties in forest ecosystems; (2) the effect of biochar application on soil GHG emissions in forest ecosystems; and (3) knowledge gaps concerning the effect of biochar application on biogeochemical and ecological processes in forest soils. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Biochar application to forests generally increases soil porosity, soil moisture retention, and aggregate stability while reducing soil bulk density. In addition, it typically enhances soil chemical properties including pH, organic carbon stock, cation exchange capacity, and the concentration of available phosphorous and potassium. Further, biochar application alters microbial community structure in forest soils, while the increase of soil microbial biomass is only a short-term effect of biochar application. Biochar effects on GHG emissions have been shown to be variable as reflected in significantly decreasing soil N₂O emissions, increasing soil CH₄ uptake, and complex (negative, positive, or negligible) changes of soil CO₂ emissions. Moreover, all of the aforementioned effects are biochar-, soil-, and plant-specific. CONCLUSIONS: The application of biochars to forest soils generally results in the improvement of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties while also mitigating soil GHG emissions. Therefore, we propose that the application of biochar in forest soils has considerable advantages, and this is especially true for plantation soils with low fertility. PurposeForests play a critical role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling and the mitigation of global climate change. Intensive forest management and global climate change have had negative impacts on the quality of forest soils via soil acidification, reduction of soil organic carbon content, deterioration of soil biological properties, and reduction of soil biodiversity. The role of biochar in improving soil properties and the mitigation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been extensively documented in agricultural soils, while the effect of biochar application on forest soils remains poorly understood. Here, we review and summarize the available literature on the effects of biochar on soil properties and GHG emissions in forest soils.Materials and methodsThis review focuses on (1) the effect of biochar application on soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties in forest ecosystems; (2) the effect of biochar application on soil GHG emissions in forest ecosystems; and (3) knowledge gaps concerning the effect of biochar application on biogeochemical and ecological processes in forest soils.Results and discussionBiochar application to forests generally increases soil porosity, soil moisture retention, and aggregate stability while reducing soil bulk density. In addition, it typically enhances soil chemical properties including pH, organic carbon stock, cation exchange capacity, and the concentration of available phosphorous and potassium. Further, biochar application alters microbial community structure in forest soils, while the increase of soil microbial biomass is only a short-term effect of biochar application. Biochar effects on GHG emissions have been shown to be variable as reflected in significantly decreasing soil N2O emissions, increasing soil CH4 uptake, and complex (negative, positive, or negligible) changes of soil CO2 emissions. Moreover, all of the aforementioned effects are biochar-, soil-, and plant-specific.ConclusionsThe application of biochars to forest soils generally results in the improvement of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties while also mitigating soil GHG emissions. Therefore, we propose that the application of biochar in forest soils has considerable advantages, and this is especially true for plantation soils with low fertility.
Author	Müller, Karin Chen, Junhui Li, Yongfu Fu, Weijun Wang, Hailong Hu, Shuaidong Li, Yongchun Lin, Ziwen
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Yongfu surname: Li fullname: Li, Yongfu organization: State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University – sequence: 2 givenname: Shuaidong surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Shuaidong organization: State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University – sequence: 3 givenname: Junhui surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Junhui organization: State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University – sequence: 4 givenname: Karin surname: Müller fullname: Müller, Karin organization: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Ruakura Research Centre – sequence: 5 givenname: Yongchun surname: Li fullname: Li, Yongchun organization: State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University – sequence: 6 givenname: Weijun surname: Fu fullname: Fu, Weijun organization: State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University – sequence: 7 givenname: Ziwen surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Ziwen organization: State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University – sequence: 8 givenname: Hailong orcidid: 0000-0002-6107-5095 surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Hailong email: hailong@zafu.edu.cn organization: State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Guangdong Dazhong Agriculture Science Co. Ltd., Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University
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Snippet	Purpose Forests play a critical role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling and the mitigation of global climate change. Intensive forest management and... PurposeForests play a critical role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling and the mitigation of global climate change. Intensive forest management and global... PURPOSE: Forests play a critical role in terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling and the mitigation of global climate change. Intensive forest management and...
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SubjectTerms	Acidification aggregate stability Agricultural land Agricultural management agricultural soils Agriculture biochar Biodiversity Biogeochemistry Biological properties Bulk density Capacity Carbon Carbon content Carbon cycle Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions carbon sinks Cation exchange cation exchange capacity Cation exchanging Cations Charcoal Chemical properties Chemicophysical properties Climate Climate change Community structure Earth and Environmental Science Ecological effects Ecosystem assessment Ecosystems Emissions Environ Risk Assess Environment Environmental Physics Exchange capacity Fertility Forest ecosystems Forest management Forest soils Forests Global climate Greenhouse effect greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse gases intensive forestry methane microbial biomass microbial communities Microorganisms Mitigation Nitrous oxide Organic carbon Organic soils pH effects phosphorus Plantations Porosity potassium Properties Reduction Sec 2 • Global Change Soil Soil acidification Soil chemistry Soil degradation Soil density Soil fertility Soil improvement soil microorganisms Soil moisture Soil moisture retention soil organic carbon Soil porosity Soil properties Soil Science & Conservation soil water Soils Stability Sustainable Land Use • Review Article terrestrial ecosystems
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Title	Effects of biochar application in forest ecosystems on soil properties and greenhouse gas emissions: a review
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