Stability Analysis of the Inhomogeneous Perturbed Einstein Universe in Energy–Momentum Squared Gravity

The main objective of this article is to examine the stability of Einstein static universe using inhomogeneous perturbations in the context of energy–momentum squared gravity. For this purpose, we used FRW spacetime with perfect matter distribution and formulated static as well as perturbed field eq...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inUniverse (Basel) Vol. 9; no. 3; p. 145
Main Authors Sharif, Muhammad, Gul, Muhammad Zeeshan
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.03.2023
Subjects
Cosmology
Einstein cosmos
Energy
Energy conservation
Gravity
Light
modified theory
Pakistan
Perturbation (Astronomy)
Radiation
Space and time
Spacetime
Stability analysis
Universe
Pakistan
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Summary:The main objective of this article is to examine the stability of Einstein static universe using inhomogeneous perturbations in the context of energy–momentum squared gravity. For this purpose, we used FRW spacetime with perfect matter distribution and formulated static as well as perturbed field equations. We took a minimal model of this theory to investigate the stable regions of the Einstein universe for conserved and non-conserved energy–momentum tensors. We found that stable modes of the Einstein universe appeared in both conserved and non-conserved cases for all values of the equation of state and model parameters corresponding to both open and closed cosmic models. We found that stable solutions in this modified theory were obtained for a broader ω-region compared to other modified theories.
ISSN:2218-1997
2218-1997
DOI:10.3390/universe9030145