Deep Pain: Exploiting Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Facial Expression Classification

• Published in: IEEE transactions on cybernetics Vol. 52; no. 5; pp. 3314 - 3324
• Main Authors: Rodriguez, Pau, Cucurull, Guillem, Gonzalez, Jordi, Gonfaus, Josep M., Nasrollahi, Kamal, Moeslund, Thomas B., Roca, F. Xavier
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 01.05.2022; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Affective computing; Artificial neural networks; computer applications; cybercare industry applications; Emotions; Estimation; Face; Face recognition; Facial Expression; Feature extraction; Frames (data processing); Hidden Markov models; human factors engineering in medicine and biology; Human resources; Humans; Machine learning; medical services; monitoring; Motion perception; Neural Networks, Computer; Pain; patient monitoring computers and information processing; pattern recognition

Pain is an unpleasant feeling that has been shown to be an important factor for the recovery of patients. Since this is costly in human resources and difficult to do objectively, there is the need for automatic systems to measure it. In this paper, contrary to current state-of-the-art techniques in...