Do contrails significantly reduce daily temperature range?
One of the most visible anthropogenic phenomena in the atmosphere is the occurrence of contrails. The direct effects of contrails on surface temperature are investigated on the basis of the data sets for the cloud cover and surface temperature over the conterminous United States for the period 1971–...
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| Published in | Geophysical research letters Vol. 35; no. 23 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, DC
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01.12.2008
American Geophysical Union |
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| Abstract | One of the most visible anthropogenic phenomena in the atmosphere is the occurrence of contrails. The direct effects of contrails on surface temperature are investigated on the basis of the data sets for the cloud cover and surface temperature over the conterminous United States for the period 1971–2001. It is shown that the increase of the average daily temperature range (DTR) over the United States during the three‐day grounding period of 11–14 September 2001 cannot be attributed to the absence of contrails, a subject was debated in several previous studies. The present analysis suggests that the DTR is attributed to the change of low cloudiness. |
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| AbstractList | One of the most visible anthropogenic phenomena in the atmosphere is the occurrence of contrails. The direct effects of contrails on surface temperature are investigated on the basis of the data sets for the cloud cover and surface temperature over the conterminous United States for the period 1971–2001. It is shown that the increase of the average daily temperature range (DTR) over the United States during the three‐day grounding period of 11–14 September 2001 cannot be attributed to the absence of contrails, a subject was debated in several previous studies. The present analysis suggests that the DTR is attributed to the change of low cloudiness. |
| Author | Yang, Ping North, Gerald Hu, Yong X. Minnis, Patrick Hong, Gang |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Gang surname: Hong fullname: Hong, Gang email: hong@ariel.met.tamu.edu organization: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, College Station, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Ping surname: Yang fullname: Yang, Ping organization: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, College Station, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: Patrick surname: Minnis fullname: Minnis, Patrick organization: NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia, Hampton, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Yong X. surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Yong X. organization: NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia, Hampton, USA – sequence: 5 givenname: Gerald surname: North fullname: North, Gerald organization: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, Texas, College Station, USA |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1029/96GL03235 10.1007/BF00215007 10.1029/1999GL900358 10.3354/cr026001 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<2261:AIUCFI>2.0.CO;2 10.1002/j.1477-8696.1968.tb07369.x 10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<1029:SODWDU>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1671:CCTAC>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3447:CFOTUS>2.0.CO;2 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1885:CCATPF>2.0.CO;2 10.1029/2007JD008438 10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<0496:MCSATT>2.0.CO;2 10.1038/418601a 10.1038/16169 |
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| References | Penner, J. E., D. H. Lister, D. J. Griggs, D. J. Dokken, and M. McFarland (Eds.) (1999), Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, 373 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K. Travis, D., A. Carleton, and R. Lauritsen (2002), Contrails reduce daily temperature range, Nature, 418, 601. Boucher, O. (1999), Air traffic may increase cirrus cloudiness, Nature, 397, 30-31. Sassen, K. (1997), Contrail-cirrus and their potential for regional climate change, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 1885-1903. Travis, D. J., and S. A. Changnon (1997), Evidence of jet contrail influences on regional-scale diurnal temperature range, J. Weather Modif., 29, 74-83. Jensen, E. J., and O. B. Toon (1997), The potential impact of soot particles from aircraft exhaust on cirrus clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 249-252. Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer (1999), Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 2261-2287. Minnis, P., U. Schumann, D. R. Doelling, K. M. Gierens, and D. W. Fahey (1999), Global distribution of contrail radiative forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1853-1856. Dong, X., P. Minnis, B. Xi, S. Sun-Mack, and Y. Chen (2008), Comparison of CERES-MODIS stratus cloud properties with ground-based measurements at the DOE ARM Southern Great Plains site, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D03204, doi:10.1029/2007JD008438. Mearns, L. O., F. Giorgi, L. McDaniel, and C. Shields (1995), Analysis of variability and diurnal range of daily temperature in a nested regional climate model: Comparison with observations and doubled CO2 results, Clim. Dyn., 11, 193-209. Kalkstein, A. J., and R. C. Balling Jr. (2004), Impact of unusually clear weather on United States daily temperature range following 9/11/2001, Clim. Res., 26, 1-4. Bruhn, J. A., W. E. Fry, and G. W. Fick (1980), Simulation of daily weather data using theoretical probability distributions, J. Appl. Meteorol., 19, 1029-1036. Changnon, S. A. (1981), Midwest clouds, sunshine, and temperature trends, J. Appl. Meteorol., 20, 496-508. Reinking, R. (1968), Insolation reduction by contrails, Weather, 23, 171-173. Minnis, P., J. K. Ayers, S. P. Weaver, and M. L. Nordeen (2003), Contrail frequency over the United States from surface observations, J. Clim., 16, 3447-3462. Minnis, P., J. K. Ayers, R. Palikonda, and D. N. Phan (2004), Contrails, cirrus trends, and climate, J. Clim., 17, 1671-1685. 1968; 23 1980; 19 2000 2004; 17 2004; 26 1997; 24 1995; 11 1999; 26 1997; 78 1997; 29 2003; 16 2002; 418 1999; 397 2008; 113 1999; 80 1981; 20 1999 e_1_2_5_15_1 e_1_2_5_14_1 e_1_2_5_9_1 Penner J. E. (e_1_2_5_12_1) 1999 e_1_2_5_16_1 e_1_2_5_8_1 e_1_2_5_11_1 e_1_2_5_7_1 e_1_2_5_10_1 e_1_2_5_6_1 e_1_2_5_13_1 e_1_2_5_5_1 e_1_2_5_4_1 e_1_2_5_3_1 e_1_2_5_2_1 e_1_2_5_18_1 Travis D. J. (e_1_2_5_17_1) 1997; 29 |
| References_xml | – reference: Penner, J. E., D. H. Lister, D. J. Griggs, D. J. Dokken, and M. McFarland (Eds.) (1999), Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, 373 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K. – reference: Jensen, E. J., and O. B. Toon (1997), The potential impact of soot particles from aircraft exhaust on cirrus clouds, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 249-252. – reference: Travis, D. J., and S. A. Changnon (1997), Evidence of jet contrail influences on regional-scale diurnal temperature range, J. Weather Modif., 29, 74-83. – reference: Changnon, S. A. (1981), Midwest clouds, sunshine, and temperature trends, J. Appl. Meteorol., 20, 496-508. – reference: Minnis, P., J. K. Ayers, R. Palikonda, and D. N. Phan (2004), Contrails, cirrus trends, and climate, J. Clim., 17, 1671-1685. – reference: Bruhn, J. A., W. E. Fry, and G. W. Fick (1980), Simulation of daily weather data using theoretical probability distributions, J. Appl. Meteorol., 19, 1029-1036. – reference: Travis, D., A. Carleton, and R. Lauritsen (2002), Contrails reduce daily temperature range, Nature, 418, 601. – reference: Reinking, R. (1968), Insolation reduction by contrails, Weather, 23, 171-173. – reference: Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer (1999), Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 2261-2287. – reference: Dong, X., P. Minnis, B. Xi, S. Sun-Mack, and Y. Chen (2008), Comparison of CERES-MODIS stratus cloud properties with ground-based measurements at the DOE ARM Southern Great Plains site, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D03204, doi:10.1029/2007JD008438. – reference: Minnis, P., J. K. Ayers, S. P. Weaver, and M. L. Nordeen (2003), Contrail frequency over the United States from surface observations, J. Clim., 16, 3447-3462. – reference: Boucher, O. (1999), Air traffic may increase cirrus cloudiness, Nature, 397, 30-31. – reference: Kalkstein, A. J., and R. C. Balling Jr. (2004), Impact of unusually clear weather on United States daily temperature range following 9/11/2001, Clim. Res., 26, 1-4. – reference: Sassen, K. (1997), Contrail-cirrus and their potential for regional climate change, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78, 1885-1903. – reference: Minnis, P., U. Schumann, D. R. Doelling, K. M. Gierens, and D. W. Fahey (1999), Global distribution of contrail radiative forcing, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1853-1856. – reference: Mearns, L. O., F. Giorgi, L. McDaniel, and C. Shields (1995), Analysis of variability and diurnal range of daily temperature in a nested regional climate model: Comparison with observations and doubled CO2 results, Clim. Dyn., 11, 193-209. – volume: 397 start-page: 30 year: 1999 end-page: 31 article-title: Air traffic may increase cirrus cloudiness publication-title: Nature – volume: 26 start-page: 1853 year: 1999 end-page: 1856 article-title: Global distribution of contrail radiative forcing publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – volume: 26 start-page: 1 year: 2004 end-page: 4 article-title: Impact of unusually clear weather on United States daily temperature range following 9/11/2001 publication-title: Clim. Res. – volume: 113 year: 2008 article-title: Comparison of CERES‐MODIS stratus cloud properties with ground‐based measurements at the DOE ARM Southern Great Plains site publication-title: J. Geophys. Res. – volume: 20 start-page: 496 year: 1981 end-page: 508 article-title: Midwest clouds, sunshine, and temperature trends publication-title: J. Appl. Meteorol. – volume: 16 start-page: 3447 year: 2003 end-page: 3462 article-title: Contrail frequency over the United States from surface observations publication-title: J. Clim. – volume: 24 start-page: 249 year: 1997 end-page: 252 article-title: The potential impact of soot particles from aircraft exhaust on cirrus clouds publication-title: Geophys. Res. Lett. – volume: 78 start-page: 1885 year: 1997 end-page: 1903 article-title: Contrail‐cirrus and their potential for regional climate change publication-title: Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. – year: 2000 – volume: 418 start-page: 601 year: 2002 article-title: Contrails reduce daily temperature range publication-title: Nature – volume: 11 start-page: 193 year: 1995 end-page: 209 article-title: Analysis of variability and diurnal range of daily temperature in a nested regional climate model: Comparison with observations and doubled CO results publication-title: Clim. Dyn. – volume: 23 start-page: 171 year: 1968 end-page: 173 article-title: Insolation reduction by contrails publication-title: Weather – volume: 80 start-page: 2261 year: 1999 end-page: 2287 article-title: Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP publication-title: Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. – volume: 19 start-page: 1029 year: 1980 end-page: 1036 article-title: Simulation of daily weather data using theoretical probability distributions publication-title: J. Appl. Meteorol. – volume: 29 start-page: 74 year: 1997 end-page: 83 article-title: Evidence of jet contrail influences on regional‐scale diurnal temperature range publication-title: J. Weather Modif. – volume: 17 start-page: 1671 year: 2004 end-page: 1685 article-title: Contrails, cirrus trends, and climate publication-title: J. Clim. – year: 1999 – ident: e_1_2_5_6_1 doi: 10.1029/96GL03235 – ident: e_1_2_5_8_1 doi: 10.1007/BF00215007 – ident: e_1_2_5_9_1 doi: 10.1029/1999GL900358 – ident: e_1_2_5_16_1 – ident: e_1_2_5_7_1 doi: 10.3354/cr026001 – ident: e_1_2_5_14_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1999)080<2261:AIUCFI>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_5_13_1 doi: 10.1002/j.1477-8696.1968.tb07369.x – ident: e_1_2_5_3_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<1029:SODWDU>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_5_11_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<1671:CCTAC>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_5_10_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3447:CFOTUS>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_5_15_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1885:CCATPF>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_5_5_1 doi: 10.1029/2007JD008438 – ident: e_1_2_5_4_1 doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<0496:MCSATT>2.0.CO;2 – ident: e_1_2_5_18_1 doi: 10.1038/418601a – ident: e_1_2_5_2_1 doi: 10.1038/16169 – volume-title: Aviation and the Global Atmosphere year: 1999 ident: e_1_2_5_12_1 – volume: 29 start-page: 74 year: 1997 ident: e_1_2_5_17_1 article-title: Evidence of jet contrail influences on regional‐scale diurnal temperature range publication-title: J. Weather Modif. |
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| Title | Do contrails significantly reduce daily temperature range? |
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