Immunotoxicity of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles: from toxic mechanisms to metabolism and outcomes

• Published in: Biomaterials science Vol. 11; no. 12; pp. 4151 - 4183
• Main Authors: Bi, Jiaming, Mo, Chuzi, Li, Siwei, Huang, Mingshu, Lin, Yunhe, Yuan, Peiyan, Liu, Zhongjun, Jia, Bo, Xu, Shuaimei
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Royal Society of Chemistry 13.06.2023
• Subjects: Apoptosis; Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Health risk assessment; Health risks; Immune system; Metabolism; Metal oxides; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; R&D; Research & development

The influence of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials on various fields since their discovery has been remarkable. They have unique properties, and therefore, have been employed in specific applications, including biomedicine. However, their potential health risks cannot be ignored. Several studies h...