Particle number measurements within periodic technical inspections: A first quantitative assessment of the influence of size distributions and the fleet emission reduction
The enforcement of more stringent type approval emission standards de facto mandate manufacturers to equip vehicles with particle filters, which reduces the particle number concentration in automotive emissions to levels below typical ambient concentrations. Soon, the overall automotive particle emi...
Saved in:
| Published in | Atmospheric Environment: X Vol. 8; p. 100095 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Elsevier Ltd
01.12.2020
Elsevier |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 2590-1621 2590-1621 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095 |
Cover
| Abstract | The enforcement of more stringent type approval emission standards de facto mandate manufacturers to equip vehicles with particle filters, which reduces the particle number concentration in automotive emissions to levels below typical ambient concentrations. Soon, the overall automotive particle emissions will be dominated by highly emitting vehicles with malfunctioned after-treatment systems, making tests of in-service compliance with emission standards inevitable. These tests are especially relevant for diesel-powered vehicles because broken diesel particle filters can increase the particle emissions by several orders of magnitude. For spark-ignition vehicles, the possible effect is significantly lower, and the implementation of corresponding tests is technically challenging. In this paper, particle number concentration measurements at idle speed for the identification of vehicles with malfunctioned particle filters have been studied. The results from a dedicated measurement campaign indicate that low cost equipment can be used for the identification of highly emitting diesel vehicles. The effectiveness of under-discussion instrument specifications has been evaluated employing simulations based on measured particle size distributions. Finally, an assessment of the potential impact of particle number measurements during periodic technical inspections on the fleet emission was performed. The corresponding results demonstrate that the enforcement of these measurements can reduce the overall particle emissions of the actual fleet by more than 80%.
[Display omitted]
•Particle number emissions and size distributions at low and high idle speed.•Validation of prototype diffusion charger devices.•Assessment of particle size distributions' influence on PN measurement deviations.•First quantitative impact assessment of PN PTI measurements on fleet emissions. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The enforcement of more stringent type approval emission standards de facto mandate manufacturers to equip vehicles with particle filters, which reduces the particle number concentration in automotive emissions to levels below typical ambient concentrations. Soon, the overall automotive particle emissions will be dominated by highly emitting vehicles with malfunctioned after-treatment systems, making tests of in-service compliance with emission standards inevitable. These tests are especially relevant for diesel-powered vehicles because broken diesel particle filters can increase the particle emissions by several orders of magnitude. For spark-ignition vehicles, the possible effect is significantly lower, and the implementation of corresponding tests is technically challenging. In this paper, particle number concentration measurements at idle speed for the identification of vehicles with malfunctioned particle filters have been studied. The results from a dedicated measurement campaign indicate that low cost equipment can be used for the identification of highly emitting diesel vehicles. The effectiveness of under-discussion instrument specifications has been evaluated employing simulations based on measured particle size distributions. Finally, an assessment of the potential impact of particle number measurements during periodic technical inspections on the fleet emission was performed. The corresponding results demonstrate that the enforcement of these measurements can reduce the overall particle emissions of the actual fleet by more than 80%.
[Display omitted]
•Particle number emissions and size distributions at low and high idle speed.•Validation of prototype diffusion charger devices.•Assessment of particle size distributions' influence on PN measurement deviations.•First quantitative impact assessment of PN PTI measurements on fleet emissions. The enforcement of more stringent type approval emission standards de facto mandate manufacturers to equip vehicles with particle filters, which reduces the particle number concentration in automotive emissions to levels below typical ambient concentrations. Soon, the overall automotive particle emissions will be dominated by highly emitting vehicles with malfunctioned after-treatment systems, making tests of in-service compliance with emission standards inevitable. These tests are especially relevant for diesel-powered vehicles because broken diesel particle filters can increase the particle emissions by several orders of magnitude. For spark-ignition vehicles, the possible effect is significantly lower, and the implementation of corresponding tests is technically challenging. In this paper, particle number concentration measurements at idle speed for the identification of vehicles with malfunctioned particle filters have been studied. The results from a dedicated measurement campaign indicate that low cost equipment can be used for the identification of highly emitting diesel vehicles. The effectiveness of under-discussion instrument specifications has been evaluated employing simulations based on measured particle size distributions. Finally, an assessment of the potential impact of particle number measurements during periodic technical inspections on the fleet emission was performed. The corresponding results demonstrate that the enforcement of these measurements can reduce the overall particle emissions of the actual fleet by more than 80%. |
| ArticleNumber | 100095 |
| Author | Bainschab, Markus Schriefl, Mario A. Bergmann, Alexander |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Markus surname: Bainschab fullname: Bainschab, Markus email: m.bainschab@tugraz.at organization: Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria – sequence: 2 givenname: Mario A. surname: Schriefl fullname: Schriefl, Mario A. organization: Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria – sequence: 3 givenname: Alexander surname: Bergmann fullname: Bergmann, Alexander email: alexander.bergmann@tugraz.at organization: Institute of Electrical Measurement and Sensor Systems, Graz University of Technology, 8010, Graz, Austria |
| BookMark | eNqFkd1u1DAQhSNUJErpE3DjF9jFjhN3g8RFVfFTqRJcwLU1ccbsrBJ78ThF9JV4SZxshRAXcGXraM43mnOeV2chBqyql0pulVTm1WELCBG2tawXRcqufVKd120nN8rU6uyP_7PqkvlQRuq6aYxU59XPT5AyuRFFmKcek5gQeE44YcgsvlPeUxBHTBQHciKj2wdyMAoKfESXKQZ-La6Fp8RZfJshZMqQ6R4FMCPzwhHRi7zH4vHjjMHhIjA9oBiIc6J-XjkCwrDO-RExC5yIuegi4TCvm15UTz2MjJeP70X15d3bzzcfNncf39_eXN9tXKOavOlb0N63Dq500-qdNq5t0airvu663jhnZAfYaw9u6LHZge_62pQ4DCIY3Q36oro9cYcIB3tMNEH6YSOQXYWYvtrH0Cz0RnU7lKodfGMUgl8wsi4bvdawKyx9YrkUmRP63zwl7VKfPdi1PrvUZ0_1FVf3l8utscaQE9D4H--bkxdLRPeEybKjJfWBUmms3ED_9P8CxiG-ww |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1007_s42461_025_01176_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_measurement_2023_112839 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaerosci_2024_106483 crossref_primary_10_5194_amt_17_2481_2024 crossref_primary_10_1080_02786826_2021_1873910 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1080/02786826.2012.661103 10.1080/10962247.2013.795202 10.3390/s19245531 10.1016/S0021-8502(00)00111-7 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.047 10.4271/2014-01-1608 10.5194/amt-5-3099-2012 10.1289/EHP200 10.1007/s40825-019-0108-z 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.10.013 10.19206/CE-2018-301 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2880278 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.026 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.01.003 10.1016/S0021-8502(97)10037-4 10.1289/ehp.7339 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2020.110107 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.028 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.08.003 10.1021/es7026949 10.4271/2017-01-9281 10.1056/NEJMoa040203 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.01.001 10.1007/s40825-019-00128-z 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.03.016 10.1080/02786826.2016.1153034 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90254-V |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020 The Authors |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 The Authors |
| DBID | 6I. AAFTH AAYXX CITATION DOA |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095 |
| DatabaseName | ScienceDirect Open Access Titles Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access CrossRef DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef |
| DatabaseTitleList | |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: WRHA-DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| EISSN | 2590-1621 |
| ExternalDocumentID | oai_doaj_org_article_ab6198e015df461eaf66ee0255ef33a8 10_1016_j_aeaoa_2020_100095 S2590162120300356 |
| GroupedDBID | 0SF 6I. AACTN AAEDW AAFTH AALRI AAXUO ABMAC ADBBV AEXQZ AFTJW AITUG ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ BCNDV EBS EJD FDB GROUPED_DOAJ M41 NCXOZ OK1 ROL SSZ 0R~ AAHBH AAYWO AAYXX ACVFH ADCNI ADVLN AEUPX AFJKZ AFPUW AIGII AKBMS AKYEP APXCP CITATION |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-b5a3ff5ca73453836c55e617b299b6cc609aeb3facdbe48af9b264466eea639d3 |
| IEDL.DBID | DOA |
| ISSN | 2590-1621 |
| IngestDate | Wed Aug 27 01:27:29 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 04:16:25 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:08:57 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 25 21:07:56 EDT 2023 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | true |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Keywords | Instrument specifications Automotive particle number emissions Impact assessment Periodic technical inspections Particle size distributions |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY license. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c414t-b5a3ff5ca73453836c55e617b299b6cc609aeb3facdbe48af9b264466eea639d3 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://doaj.org/article/ab6198e015df461eaf66ee0255ef33a8 |
| ParticipantIDs | doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_ab6198e015df461eaf66ee0255ef33a8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_aeaoa_2020_100095 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_aeaoa_2020_100095 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_aeaoa_2020_100095 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | December 2020 2020-12-00 2020-12-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2020-12-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 12 year: 2020 text: December 2020 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationTitle | Atmospheric Environment: X |
| PublicationYear | 2020 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier |
| References | Hinds (bib27) 2001; 2 Nishida, Yamasaki, Schriefl, Boies, Hochgreb (bib38) 2019; 130 Abdul-Khalek, Kittelson, Graskow, Wei, Brear (bib3) 1998; 107 Gloor (bib21) 2018 Hu, Herner, Robertson, Kobayashi, Chang, Huang, Zielinska, Kado, Collins, Rieger, Huai, Ayala (bib29) 2013; 63 Di Iorio, Catapano, Vaglieco, Continillo, Petito (bib13) 2019 Wang, Caldow, Sem, Hama, Sakurai (bib50) 2010; 41 Hooftman, Messagie, Van Mierlo, Coosemans (bib28) 2018 Oberdörster, Oberdörster, Oberdörster (bib39) 2005; 113 Schriefl, Bergmann, Fierz (bib44) 2019; 19 KBA (bib31) 2019 Apicella, Mancaruso, Russo, Tregrossi, Oliano, Ciajolo, Vaglieco (bib5) 2020; 116 Harris, Maricq (bib24) 2001; 32 Kittelson, Watts, Arnold (bib34) 1998; 2 Kadijk, Elstgeest, Ligterink, van der Mark (bib2) 2017 Pant, Harrison (bib41) 2013; 77 Kittelson (bib33) 1998; 29 Bielaczyc, Woodburn, Szczotka (bib7) 2014; 7 Boveroux, Cassiers, Buekenhoudt, Chavatte, De Meyer, Jeanmart, Verhelst, Contino (bib8) 2019 Giechaskiel, Mamakos, Woodburn, Szczotka, Bielaczyc (bib20) 2019; 19 Smit, Bluett (bib46) 2011; 409 Karavalakis, Short, Vu, Villela, Asa-Awuku, Durbin (bib30) 2014; 128 Peters, Von Klot, Heier, Trentinaglia, Hörmann, Wichmann, Löwel (bib42) 2004; 351 Burtscher, Lutz, Mayer (bib11) 2019 Giechaskiel, Mamakos, Andersson, Dilara, Martini, Schindler, Bergmann (bib18) 2012; 46 Yamada (bib52) 2019; 5 Brook, Rajagopalan, Pope, Brook, Bhatnagar, Diez-Roux, Holguin, Hong, Luepker, Mittleman, Peters, Siscovick, Smith, Whitsel, Kaufman (bib9) 2010 Schriefl, Nishida, Knoll, Boies, Bergmann (bib45) 2020; 1 Cares (bib12) 2019 EJPD (bib15) 2006 Ec (bib6) 2017 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (bib48) 2006 Heeb, Schmid, Kohler, Gujer, Zennegg, Wenger, Wichser, Ulrich, Gfeller, Honegger, Zeyer, Emmenegger, Petermann, Czerwinski, Mosimann, Kasper, Mayer (bib25) 2008; 42 Ministry for Infrastructure and Public Works (bib37) 2019 KBA (bib32) 2019 Di Iorio, Catapano, Sementa, Vaglieco, Nicol, Sgroi (bib14) 2020 Li, Guo, Williams (bib35) 2016; 124 Yamada (bib53) 2019; 5 Watts, Amann, Arnell, Ayeb-Karlsson, Belesova, Boykoff, Byass, Cai, Campbell-Lendrum, Capstick, Chambers, Dalin, Daly, Dasandi, Davies, Drummond, Dubrow, Ebi, Eckelman, Ekins, Escobar, Fernandez Montoya, Georgeson, Graham, Haggar, Hamilton, Hartinger, Hess, Kelman, Kiesewetter, Kjellstrom, Kniveton, Lemke, Liu, Lott, Lowe, Sewe, Martinez-Urtaza, Maslin, McAllister, McGushin, Jankin Mikhaylov, Milner, Moradi-Lakeh, Morrissey, Murray, Munzert, Nilsson, Neville, Oreszczyn, Owfi, Pearman, Pencheon, Phung, Pye, Quinn, Rabbaniha, Robinson, Rocklöv, Semenza, Sherman, Shumake-Guillemot, Tabatabaei, Taylor, Trinanes, Wilkinson, Costello, Gong, Montgomery (bib51) 2019 Giechaskiel (bib17) 2020 Giechaskiel, Lahde, Suarze-Bertoa, Clairotte, Grigoratos, Zardini, Perujo, Martini (bib19) 2018; 174 Graves, Koch, Olfert (bib22) 2017; 105 Andersson (bib4) 2019 Helsper, Mölter, Löffler, Wadenpohl, Kaufmann, Wenninger (bib26) 1993; 27 Gysel, Laborde, Mensah, Corbin, Keller, Kim, Petzold, Sierau (bib23) 2012; 5 VERT (bib49) 2019 Mamakos (bib36) 2016; 50 Garrido Gonzalez, Baar, Drueckhammer, Kaeppner (bib16) 2017; 10 Smit, Ntziachristos, Boulter (bib47) 2010 Zheng, Johnson, Liu, Durbin, Hu, Huai, Kittelson, Jung (bib54) 2011; 42 Buekenhoudt, De Meyer, Chavatte (bib10) 2019 Olfert, Rogak (bib40) 2019 Kadijk, Elstgeest, Ligterink, van der Mark (bib1) 2016 Pirjola, Parviainen, Hussein, Valli, Hämeri, Aaalto, Virtanen, Keskinen, Pakkanen, Mäkelä, Hillamo (bib43) 2004; 38 Burtscher (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib11) 2019 Pirjola (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib43) 2004; 38 Bielaczyc (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib7) 2014; 7 Watts (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib51) 2019 Schriefl (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib45) 2020; 1 Apicella (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib5) 2020; 116 Wang (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib50) 2010; 41 Giechaskiel (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib20) 2019; 19 Hinds (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib27) 2001; 2 Giechaskiel (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib18) 2012; 46 Kadijk (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib1) Karavalakis (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib30) 2014; 128 Ministry for Infrastructure and Public Works (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib37) 2019 Nishida (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib38) 2019; 130 Peters (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib42) 2004; 351 Smit (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib46) 2011; 409 Giechaskiel (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib17) Di Iorio (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib14) 2020 Giechaskiel (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib19) 2018; 174 Di Iorio (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib13) 2019 Smit (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib47) 2010 Heeb (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib25) 2008; 42 Kittelson (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib33) 1998; 29 Schriefl (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib44) 2019; 19 Kadijk (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib2) 2017 KBA (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib32) Hooftman (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib28) 2018 Cares (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib12) 2019 Li (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib35) 2016; 124 Ec (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib6) 2017 Oberdörster (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib39) 2005; 113 Brook (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib9) 2010 Yamada (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib53) 2019; 5 EJPD (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib15) Helsper (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib26) 1993; 27 Graves (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib22) 2017; 105 KBA (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib31) Gloor (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib21) 2018 Andersson (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib4) 2019 Boveroux (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib8) 2019 Yamada (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib52) 2019; 5 Buekenhoudt (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib10) 2019 VERT (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib49) United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib48) 2006 Harris (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib24) 2001; 32 Abdul-Khalek (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib3) 1998; 107 Pant (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib41) 2013; 77 Hu (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib29) 2013; 63 Kittelson (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib34) 1998; 2 Garrido Gonzalez (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib16) 2017; 10 Zheng (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib54) 2011; 42 Mamakos (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib36) 2016; 50 Gysel (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib23) 2012; 5 Olfert (10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib40) |
| References_xml | – volume: 113 start-page: 823 year: 2005 end-page: 839 ident: bib39 article-title: Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. – volume: 2 start-page: 60 year: 1998 ident: bib34 article-title: Department of Mechanical Engineering, C.o.D.R. Review of diesel particulate matter sampling methods. Supplemental report #2. Aerosol dynamics, laboratory and on-road studies publication-title: Report on EPA grant – year: 2018 ident: bib28 article-title: A Review of the European Passenger Car Regulations – Real Driving Emissions vs Local Air Quality – volume: 5 start-page: 37 year: 2019 end-page: 44 ident: bib53 article-title: Improving methodology of particulate measurement in periodic technical inspection with high-sensitivity techniques: laser light scattering photometry and particle number method publication-title: Emission Control Science and Technology – volume: 32 start-page: 749 year: 2001 end-page: 764 ident: bib24 article-title: Signature size distributions for diesel and gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. – volume: 116 start-page: 110107 year: 2020 ident: bib5 article-title: Effect of after-treatment systems on particulate matter emissions in diesel engine exhaust publication-title: Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. – volume: 10 start-page: 1411 year: 2017 end-page: 1421 ident: bib16 article-title: The thermodynamics of exhaust gas condensation publication-title: SAE International Journal of Engines – year: 2019 ident: bib49 article-title: VERT initiative for ”New periodic technical inspection” (NPTI) – year: 2010 ident: bib47 article-title: Validation of road vehicle and traffic emission models - a review and meta-analysis – volume: 174 start-page: 3 year: 2018 end-page: 16 ident: bib19 article-title: Particle number measurements in the European legislation and future JRC activities publication-title: Combustion Engines – year: 2019 ident: bib13 article-title: Analysis of the Effect of the Sampling Conditions on the sub-23 nm Particles Emitted by a Small Displacement PFI and di SI Engines Fueled with Gasoline, Ethanol and a Blend publication-title: SAE Technical Papers 2019-Septe – volume: 50 start-page: 363 year: 2016 end-page: 372 ident: bib36 article-title: Methodology to quantify the ratio of multiple-to single-charged fractions acquired in aerosol neutralizers publication-title: Aerosol. Sci. Technol. – volume: 5 start-page: 37 year: 2019 end-page: 44 ident: bib52 article-title: Improving methodology of particulate measurement in periodic technical inspection with high-sensitivity techniques: laser light scattering photometry and particle number method publication-title: Emission Control Science and Technology – start-page: 1 year: 2020 end-page: 9 ident: bib14 article-title: Sub-23 nm particle emissions from gasoline direct injection vehicles and engines: sampling and measure publication-title: SAE Technical Papers – volume: 29 start-page: 575 year: 1998 end-page: 588 ident: bib33 article-title: Engines and nanoparticles: a review publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. – volume: 1 year: 2020 ident: bib45 article-title: Characterization of particle number counters based on pulsed-mode diffusion charging publication-title: Aerosol. Sci. Technol. – year: 2017 ident: bib6 article-title: Commission regulation (EU) 2017/1154 publication-title: Official Journal of the European Union – year: 2019 ident: bib12 article-title: CARES | City Air Remote Emission Sensing – volume: 7 start-page: 580 year: 2014 end-page: 590 ident: bib7 article-title: Particulate emissions from European vehicles featuring direct injection spark ignition engines tested under laboratory conditions publication-title: SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants – year: 2019 ident: bib32 article-title: Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt - umwelt - Bestand an Pkw am 1. Januar 2019 nach ausgewählten Kraftstoffarten – volume: 19 start-page: 1392 year: 2019 end-page: 1399 ident: bib44 article-title: Design principles for sensing particle number concentration and mean particle size with unipolar diffusion charging publication-title: IEEE Sensor. J. – volume: 105 start-page: 166 year: 2017 end-page: 178 ident: bib22 article-title: Morphology and volatility of particulate matter emitted from a gasoline direct injection engine fuelled on gasoline and ethanol blends publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. – volume: 41 start-page: 306 year: 2010 end-page: 318 ident: bib50 article-title: Evaluation of a condensation particle counter for vehicle emission measurement: experimental procedure and effects of calibration aerosol material publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. – volume: 77 start-page: 78 year: 2013 end-page: 97 ident: bib41 article-title: Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: a review publication-title: Atmos. Environ. – year: 2019 ident: bib4 article-title: Sub-23 nm particle measurement methodology roadmap publication-title: 50th PMP Meeting – volume: 27 start-page: 1271 year: 1993 end-page: 1275 ident: bib26 article-title: Investigations of a new aerosol generator for the production of carbon aggregate particles publication-title: Atmos. Environ. Part A, General Topics – volume: 46 start-page: 719 year: 2012 end-page: 749 ident: bib18 article-title: Measurement of automotive nonvolatile particle number emissions within the European legislative framework: a review publication-title: Aerosol. Sci. Technol. – volume: 19 start-page: 5531 year: 2019 ident: bib20 article-title: Evaluation of a 10 nm particle number portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) publication-title: Sensors – year: 2020 ident: bib17 article-title: Volatile removal efficiency & particle losses IN PMP systems – volume: 38 start-page: 3625 year: 2004 end-page: 3635 ident: bib43 article-title: Sniffer” - a novel tool for chasing vehicles and measuring traffic pollutants publication-title: Atmos. Environ. – volume: 42 start-page: 3773 year: 2008 end-page: 3779 ident: bib25 article-title: Secondary effects of catalytic diesel particulate filters: conversion of PAHs versus formation of Nitro-PAHs publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. – year: 2019 ident: bib40 article-title: Universal relations between soot effective density and primary particle size for common combustion sources – volume: 409 start-page: 2626 year: 2011 end-page: 2634 ident: bib46 article-title: A new method to compare vehicle emissions measured by remote sensing and laboratory testing: high-emitters and potential implications for emission inventories publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. – volume: 124 start-page: 1623 year: 2016 end-page: 1629 ident: bib35 article-title: Acute impact of hourly ambient air pollution on preterm birth publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. – start-page: 2 year: 2019 end-page: 9 ident: bib8 article-title: Feasibility study of a new test procedure to identify high emitters of particulate matter during periodic technical inspection publication-title: SAE Technical Papers – year: 2018 ident: bib21 article-title: Survey about functional efficiency of DPF during PTI in Zürich publication-title: ETH-conference – year: 2006 ident: bib15 article-title: SR 941.242 Verordnung des EJPD vom 19. März 2006 über Abgasmessmittel für Verbrennungsmotoren (VAMV) – year: 2019 ident: bib11 article-title: A new periodic technical inspection for particle emissions of vehicles publication-title: Emission Control Science and Technology – volume: 351 start-page: 1721 year: 2004 end-page: 1730 ident: bib42 article-title: Exposure to traffic and the onset of myocardial infarction publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. – volume: 42 start-page: 883 year: 2011 end-page: 897 ident: bib54 article-title: Investigation of solid particle number measurement: existence and nature of sub-23nm particles under PMP methodology publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. – volume: 63 start-page: 984 year: 2013 end-page: 996 ident: bib29 article-title: Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs from heavy-duty diesel vehicles with DPF and SCR publication-title: J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. – year: 2016 ident: bib1 article-title: Investigation into a Periodic Technical Inspection ( PTI ) test method to check for presence and proper functioning of Diesel Particulate Filters in light-duty diesel vehicles – year: 2006 ident: bib48 article-title: Regulation No 83 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UN/ECE) – Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Vehicles with Regard to the Emission of Pollutants According to Engine Fuel Requirements – volume: 107 start-page: 683 year: 1998 end-page: 696 ident: bib3 article-title: Diesel exhaust particle size: measurement issues and trends publication-title: SAE Trans. – volume: 2 start-page: 0 year: 2001 end-page: 471 ident: bib27 article-title: Aerosol technology publication-title: Methods Biochem. Anal. – year: 2019 ident: bib37 article-title: Regulation of the Minister for Environment and Housing of November 21, 2019, No. IENW/BSK-2019/202498, Amending the Vehicle Regulations to Enable the Control of Diesel Particulate Filters with a Particle Counter and a Number of Other Technical Changes – year: 2010 ident: bib9 article-title: Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: an Update to the Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association – volume: 130 start-page: 10 year: 2019 end-page: 21 ident: bib38 article-title: Modelling the effect of aerosol polydispersity on unipolar charging and measurement publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. – year: 2017 ident: bib2 article-title: Investigation into a Periodic Technical Inspection ( PTI ) test method to check for presence and proper functioning of Diesel Particulate Filters in light-duty diesel vehicles - part 2. Technical Report publication-title: Earth, Life & Social Sciences – year: 2019 ident: bib10 article-title: PN study - new fine particle emission measurement for the assessment of the quality of the particulate filter during the periodic inspection of diesel vehicles publication-title: Presentation for 10 Years VERT Forum on 14th of March 2019 – volume: 128 start-page: 410 year: 2014 end-page: 421 ident: bib30 article-title: Evaluating the regulated emissions, air toxics, ultrafine particles, and black carbon from SI-PFI and SI-DI vehicles operating on different ethanol and iso-butanol blends publication-title: Fuel – year: 2019 ident: bib31 article-title: Kraftfahrt-bundesamt - bestand – year: 2019 ident: bib51 article-title: The 2019 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate – volume: 5 start-page: 3099 year: 2012 end-page: 3107 ident: bib23 article-title: Technical Note: the single particle soot photometer fails to reliably detect PALAS soot nanoparticles publication-title: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques – start-page: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib14 article-title: Sub-23 nm particle emissions from gasoline direct injection vehicles and engines: sampling and measure publication-title: SAE Technical Papers – volume: 46 start-page: 719 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib18 article-title: Measurement of automotive nonvolatile particle number emissions within the European legislative framework: a review publication-title: Aerosol. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2012.661103 – volume: 2 start-page: 0 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib27 article-title: Aerosol technology publication-title: Methods Biochem. Anal. – volume: 63 start-page: 984 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib29 article-title: Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs from heavy-duty diesel vehicles with DPF and SCR publication-title: J. Air Waste Manag. Assoc. doi: 10.1080/10962247.2013.795202 – volume: 19 start-page: 5531 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib20 article-title: Evaluation of a 10 nm particle number portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) publication-title: Sensors doi: 10.3390/s19245531 – ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib49 – volume: 32 start-page: 749 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib24 article-title: Signature size distributions for diesel and gasoline engine exhaust particulate matter publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. doi: 10.1016/S0021-8502(00)00111-7 – volume: 38 start-page: 3625 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib43 article-title: Sniffer” - a novel tool for chasing vehicles and measuring traffic pollutants publication-title: Atmos. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.047 – volume: 7 start-page: 580 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib7 article-title: Particulate emissions from European vehicles featuring direct injection spark ignition engines tested under laboratory conditions publication-title: SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants doi: 10.4271/2014-01-1608 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib13 article-title: Analysis of the Effect of the Sampling Conditions on the sub-23 nm Particles Emitted by a Small Displacement PFI and di SI Engines Fueled with Gasoline, Ethanol and a Blend publication-title: SAE Technical Papers 2019-Septe – volume: 107 start-page: 683 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib3 article-title: Diesel exhaust particle size: measurement issues and trends publication-title: SAE Trans. – volume: 5 start-page: 3099 year: 2012 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib23 article-title: Technical Note: the single particle soot photometer fails to reliably detect PALAS soot nanoparticles publication-title: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques doi: 10.5194/amt-5-3099-2012 – volume: 124 start-page: 1623 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib35 article-title: Acute impact of hourly ambient air pollution on preterm birth publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. doi: 10.1289/EHP200 – volume: 5 start-page: 37 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib53 article-title: Improving methodology of particulate measurement in periodic technical inspection with high-sensitivity techniques: laser light scattering photometry and particle number method publication-title: Emission Control Science and Technology doi: 10.1007/s40825-019-0108-z – year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib21 article-title: Survey about functional efficiency of DPF during PTI in Zürich – volume: 105 start-page: 166 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib22 article-title: Morphology and volatility of particulate matter emitted from a gasoline direct injection engine fuelled on gasoline and ethanol blends publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.10.013 – year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib28 – ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib17 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib51 – ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib15 – volume: 174 start-page: 3 year: 2018 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib19 article-title: Particle number measurements in the European legislation and future JRC activities publication-title: Combustion Engines doi: 10.19206/CE-2018-301 – volume: 19 start-page: 1392 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib44 article-title: Design principles for sensing particle number concentration and mean particle size with unipolar diffusion charging publication-title: IEEE Sensor. J. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2880278 – volume: 409 start-page: 2626 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib46 article-title: A new method to compare vehicle emissions measured by remote sensing and laboratory testing: high-emitters and potential implications for emission inventories publication-title: Sci. Total Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.026 – volume: 130 start-page: 10 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib38 article-title: Modelling the effect of aerosol polydispersity on unipolar charging and measurement publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.01.003 – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib47 – volume: 29 start-page: 575 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib33 article-title: Engines and nanoparticles: a review publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. doi: 10.1016/S0021-8502(97)10037-4 – volume: 113 start-page: 823 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib39 article-title: Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles publication-title: Environ. Health Perspect. doi: 10.1289/ehp.7339 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib4 article-title: Sub-23 nm particle measurement methodology roadmap – ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib32 – year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib9 – volume: 116 start-page: 110107 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib5 article-title: Effect of after-treatment systems on particulate matter emissions in diesel engine exhaust publication-title: Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2020.110107 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib12 – year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib2 article-title: Investigation into a Periodic Technical Inspection ( PTI ) test method to check for presence and proper functioning of Diesel Particulate Filters in light-duty diesel vehicles - part 2. Technical Report publication-title: Earth, Life & Social Sciences – volume: 2 start-page: 60 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib34 article-title: Department of Mechanical Engineering, C.o.D.R. Review of diesel particulate matter sampling methods. Supplemental report #2. Aerosol dynamics, laboratory and on-road studies publication-title: Report on EPA grant – ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib31 – volume: 77 start-page: 78 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib41 article-title: Estimation of the contribution of road traffic emissions to particulate matter concentrations from field measurements: a review publication-title: Atmos. Environ. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.028 – volume: 42 start-page: 883 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib54 article-title: Investigation of solid particle number measurement: existence and nature of sub-23nm particles under PMP methodology publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2011.08.003 – volume: 42 start-page: 3773 year: 2008 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib25 article-title: Secondary effects of catalytic diesel particulate filters: conversion of PAHs versus formation of Nitro-PAHs publication-title: Environ. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1021/es7026949 – volume: 10 start-page: 1411 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib16 article-title: The thermodynamics of exhaust gas condensation publication-title: SAE International Journal of Engines doi: 10.4271/2017-01-9281 – ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib1 – volume: 351 start-page: 1721 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib42 article-title: Exposure to traffic and the onset of myocardial infarction publication-title: N. Engl. J. Med. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa040203 – volume: 41 start-page: 306 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib50 article-title: Evaluation of a condensation particle counter for vehicle emission measurement: experimental procedure and effects of calibration aerosol material publication-title: J. Aerosol Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.01.001 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib37 – year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib48 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib11 article-title: A new periodic technical inspection for particle emissions of vehicles publication-title: Emission Control Science and Technology doi: 10.1007/s40825-019-00128-z – start-page: 2 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib8 article-title: Feasibility study of a new test procedure to identify high emitters of particulate matter during periodic technical inspection publication-title: SAE Technical Papers – volume: 128 start-page: 410 year: 2014 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib30 article-title: Evaluating the regulated emissions, air toxics, ultrafine particles, and black carbon from SI-PFI and SI-DI vehicles operating on different ethanol and iso-butanol blends publication-title: Fuel doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.03.016 – year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib6 article-title: Commission regulation (EU) 2017/1154 publication-title: Official Journal of the European Union – volume: 5 start-page: 37 year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib52 article-title: Improving methodology of particulate measurement in periodic technical inspection with high-sensitivity techniques: laser light scattering photometry and particle number method publication-title: Emission Control Science and Technology doi: 10.1007/s40825-019-0108-z – ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib40 – volume: 50 start-page: 363 year: 2016 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib36 article-title: Methodology to quantify the ratio of multiple-to single-charged fractions acquired in aerosol neutralizers publication-title: Aerosol. Sci. Technol. doi: 10.1080/02786826.2016.1153034 – year: 2019 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib10 article-title: PN study - new fine particle emission measurement for the assessment of the quality of the particulate filter during the periodic inspection of diesel vehicles – volume: 27 start-page: 1271 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib26 article-title: Investigations of a new aerosol generator for the production of carbon aggregate particles publication-title: Atmos. Environ. Part A, General Topics doi: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90254-V – volume: 1 year: 2020 ident: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095_bib45 article-title: Characterization of particle number counters based on pulsed-mode diffusion charging publication-title: Aerosol. Sci. Technol. |
| SSID | ssj0002244601 |
| Score | 2.2795417 |
| Snippet | The enforcement of more stringent type approval emission standards de facto mandate manufacturers to equip vehicles with particle filters, which reduces the... |
| SourceID | doaj crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Open Website Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 100095 |
| SubjectTerms | Automotive particle number emissions Impact assessment Instrument specifications Particle size distributions Periodic technical inspections |
| Title | Particle number measurements within periodic technical inspections: A first quantitative assessment of the influence of size distributions and the fleet emission reduction |
| URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100095 https://doaj.org/article/ab6198e015df461eaf66ee0255ef33a8 |
| Volume | 8 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1NS8QwEA3iyYsoKq5fzMGjxbbJZltvKi4iKB5c8FYmaQIV7aq7XvxL_klnku7ak16EnkI-SmbIvISZ94Q4lhald14nRaF8onLMElOmJtE6tTmFl1Fhud759k5fT9TN4_CxJ_XFOWGRHjhu3CkagviFo6hVe6Uzh15r5xgJOy8lhjLftEx7l6mnQOpC15ygfUzwPk0ynWcLyqGQ3IUOp8w6lIc0gZTVJXphKbD396JTL-KMN8R6BxXhPP7iplhx7Zb4uu9-GaKWB7z8PPLNgF9VmxaYvXhaNxYiQyuZAZo21lSSk53BOfiGUB-8fWAbiszoyANccnTC1APhQhrTCZhww6z5dFAzzW6nkDUDbOvQzz87NwcWjuOnN3hnNljusS0m46uHy-ukE1xIrMrUPDFDMpwfWhxJRQeh1JZ2mSCOoZhltLU6LZEu3x5tbZwq0JeG8RQbBAnp1HJHrLbT1u0KyKWuC1tKmaNVxtBXK2dGLDCjkZxhIPLFfle2YyNnUYznapF29lQFI1VspCoaaSBOloNeIxnH790v2JDLrsykHRrIv6rOWNVf_jUQeuEGVQdKItigqZrfVt_7j9X3xRpPGfNnDsTq_P3DHRIKmpuj4PDf_CUJHg |
| linkProvider | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Particle+number+measurements+within+periodic+technical+inspections%3A+A+first+quantitative+assessment+of+the+influence+of+size+distributions+and+the+fleet+emission+reduction&rft.jtitle=Atmospheric+Environment%3A+X&rft.au=Markus+Bainschab&rft.au=Mario+A.+Schriefl&rft.au=Alexander+Bergmann&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.issn=2590-1621&rft.eissn=2590-1621&rft.volume=8&rft.spage=100095&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.aeaoa.2020.100095&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_ab6198e015df461eaf66ee0255ef33a8 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2590-1621&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2590-1621&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2590-1621&client=summon |