Surviving-Channel-Power Transients in Second-Order Pumped Lumped Raman Fiber Amplifier: Experimentation and Modeling

• Published in: Journal of lightwave technology Vol. 25; no. 3; pp. 664 - 672
• Main Authors: Karasek, M., Kanka, J., Bohac, L., Krcmarik, D., Radil, J., Vojtech, J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY IEEE 01.03.2007; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: All optical circuits; Amplification; Amplifiers; Applied sciences; Channels; Circuit properties; Computer simulation; Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits; Electronics; Exact sciences and technology; Fiber lasers; Fibers; Information, signal and communications theory; Integrated optics. Optical fibers and wave guides; Laser feedback; Mathematical models; Multiplexing; Optical and optoelectronic circuits; Optical feedback; Optical fiber amplifiers; Optical fiber communications; Optical modulation; Optical propagation; Optical pumping; Optical telecommunications; Propagation; Pump lasers; Raman amplification; Ring lasers; Signal and communications theory; Spontaneous emission; Stimulated emission; Studies; Telecommunications; Telecommunications and information theory; wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM); Integrated optics; Second order; Cross gain modulation; Lumped parameter circuit; Numerical method; Modeling; Implementation; Ring laser; Amplified spontaneous emission; wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM); Raman scattering; Optical fiber communication; Optical fiber; Addition; Optical-fiber amplifiers; Wavelength division multiplexing; All optical circuit; Optical fiber amplifiers; Optical feedback; First order; Numerical simulation; Optical dispersion compensation; Raman amplification; Optical amplification; Gain; Square wave
• ISSN: 0733-8724; 1558-2213
• DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2006.889659

In this paper, the effect of addition and/or dropping of wavelength-division-multiplexed channels in an all- optical gain-clamped (AOGC) second-order (SO) pumped lumped Raman fiber amplifier (LRFA) has been investigated experimentally and analyzed by numerical simulation. Channel addition/ removal was simulated by transmitting ten signals through a counter-directionally pumped LRFA consisting of a 16-km-long dispersion-compensating fiber. The light from eight lasers was square-wave modulated at 500 Hz; power transients of the surviving channels caused by cross-gain modulation of the LRFA were monitored at the output of the amplifier. All-optical feedback loop was implemented in the form of a ring laser. Gain-clamping properties of the SO-pumped LRFA are compared with those of the first-order pumped LRFA having the same ON/OFF Raman gain. Theoretical analysis of the AOGC LRFA was based on numerical solution of coupled propagation equations for the backward propagating pump, signals, and both forward and backward propagating spectral components of amplified spontaneous emission powers.