Unlocking information about fine magnetic particle assemblages from first-order reversal curve diagrams: Recent advances

The magnetic domain state of a material determines its magnetic recording capability and magnetic properties. Constraining the domain state of magnetic components within complexly mixed natural magnetic mineral assemblages is challenging because most bulk magnetic methods do not enable component-spe...

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Published inEarth-science reviews Vol. 227; p. 103950
Main Authors Roberts, Andrew P., Heslop, David, Zhao, Xiang, Oda, Hirokuni, Egli, Ramon, Harrison, Richard J., Hu, Pengxiang, Muxworthy, Adrian R., Sato, Tetsuro
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.04.2022
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Abstract The magnetic domain state of a material determines its magnetic recording capability and magnetic properties. Constraining the domain state of magnetic components within complexly mixed natural magnetic mineral assemblages is challenging because most bulk magnetic methods do not enable component-specific domain state identification. First-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams are the most diagnostic tool for this important endeavour. Over the last 20+ years, an extensive framework has been developed for FORC diagram interpretation. Recent years have been fertile and key developments are highlighted here. New FORC measurement types provide enhanced domain state diagnosis, including recognition of vortex state signatures and their importance in rock magnetism. FORC diagrams are also indicative of the dominant magnetic anisotropy type in a material, with multi-axial, in addition to uniaxial, anisotropy signatures recognised increasingly. A fundamental challenge in FORC data processing is to avoid emphasizing noise at the expense of signal or distorting a FORC distribution by excessive smoothing. Selection of an optimal FORC distribution that avoids over- or under-smoothing is now possible with machine learning approaches. A further new FORC measurement protocol enables identification of magnetically viscous particles and can assist in separating signals due to magnetic mineral mixtures. Furthermore, FORC unmixing for large sample sets now enables quantitative separation of magnetic mineral mixtures. Splitting of the FORC signal into remanent, induced, and transient magnetization components, each of which provides information about magnetic domain state fractions in a sample, holds potential for future single sample unmixing.
AbstractList The magnetic domain state of a material determines its magnetic recording capability and magnetic properties. Constraining the domain state of magnetic components within complexly mixed natural magnetic mineral assemblages is challenging because most bulk magnetic methods do not enable component-specific domain state identification. First-order reversal curve (FORC) diagrams are the most diagnostic tool for this important endeavour. Over the last 20+ years, an extensive framework has been developed for FORC diagram interpretation. Recent years have been fertile and key developments are highlighted here. New FORC measurement types provide enhanced domain state diagnosis, including recognition of vortex state signatures and their importance in rock magnetism. FORC diagrams are also indicative of the dominant magnetic anisotropy type in a material, with multi-axial, in addition to uniaxial, anisotropy signatures recognised increasingly. A fundamental challenge in FORC data processing is to avoid emphasizing noise at the expense of signal or distorting a FORC distribution by excessive smoothing. Selection of an optimal FORC distribution that avoids over- or under-smoothing is now possible with machine learning approaches. A further new FORC measurement protocol enables identification of magnetically viscous particles and can assist in separating signals due to magnetic mineral mixtures. Furthermore, FORC unmixing for large sample sets now enables quantitative separation of magnetic mineral mixtures. Splitting of the FORC signal into remanent, induced, and transient magnetization components, each of which provides information about magnetic domain state fractions in a sample, holds potential for future single sample unmixing.
ArticleNumber 103950
Author Oda, Hirokuni
Egli, Ramon
Hu, Pengxiang
Heslop, David
Roberts, Andrew P.
Zhao, Xiang
Harrison, Richard J.
Muxworthy, Adrian R.
Sato, Tetsuro
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Andrew P.
  surname: Roberts
  fullname: Roberts, Andrew P.
  email: andrew.roberts@anu.edu.au
  organization: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
– sequence: 2
  givenname: David
  surname: Heslop
  fullname: Heslop, David
  organization: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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  givenname: Xiang
  surname: Zhao
  fullname: Zhao, Xiang
  organization: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Hirokuni
  surname: Oda
  fullname: Oda, Hirokuni
  organization: Research Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Ramon
  surname: Egli
  fullname: Egli, Ramon
  organization: Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, Vienna, Austria
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  givenname: Richard J.
  surname: Harrison
  fullname: Harrison, Richard J.
  organization: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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  givenname: Pengxiang
  surname: Hu
  fullname: Hu, Pengxiang
  organization: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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  givenname: Adrian R.
  surname: Muxworthy
  fullname: Muxworthy, Adrian R.
  organization: Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Tetsuro
  surname: Sato
  fullname: Sato, Tetsuro
  organization: Research Institute of Geology and Geoinformation, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
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Snippet The magnetic domain state of a material determines its magnetic recording capability and magnetic properties. Constraining the domain state of magnetic...
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SubjectTerms anisotropy
diagnostic techniques
magnetism
Title Unlocking information about fine magnetic particle assemblages from first-order reversal curve diagrams: Recent advances
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.103950
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