Assessment of Fusarium -Damaged Kernels in Common Wheat in Romania in the Years 2015 and 2016 with Extreme Weather Events

• Published in: Toxins Vol. 14; no. 5; p. 326
• Main Authors: Gagiu, Valeria, Mateescu, Elena, Belc, Nastasia, Oprea, Oana-Alexandra, Pîrvu, Gina-Pușa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 04.05.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Acidic soils; Air temperature; Alkaline soils; Animal health; Animals; Cereals; Climate change; Climate effects; Contaminants; Cultivation; Cyclones; deoxynivalenol (DON); Dipoles; Drought; Environmental effects; Environmental factors; Environmental risk; Extreme Weather; Flooding; Floods; Fungi; Fusarium; Fusarium head blight (FHB); Grain cultivation; heavy precipitation; High temperature; Infections; Kernels; Meadows; Precipitation; Romania; Soil; Soil contamination; Soils; Spatial distribution; Statistical methods; Triticum; Triticum aestivum; Weather; Wheat; wheat grading; Romania; United Kingdom > UK; United States > US; Europe; Ukraine; Moldova; Russia; India; Canada; Czech Republic; Austria; Netherlands; Pakistan; Belgium; Asia; China; Poland; Italy; Slovakia; Australia; France; Germany; wheat grading; drought; heavy precipitation; soil; Fusarium head blight (FHB); deoxynivalenol (DON); dipole and omega atmospheric blocks; heavy flood; Vb cyclone; climate change
• ISSN: 2072-6651; 2072-6651
• DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050326

This article assesses the occurrence of -damaged kernels (FDKs) in common wheat ( ) under the influence of environmental factors and extreme weather events in Romania (exceptionally high air temperatures and extreme pedological drought produced by a dipole block in summer 2015, and extreme precipitation and floods produced by an omega block in spring 2016). Wheat samples ( = 272) were analyzed for FDKs via visual estimation and manual weighing according to ISO 7970 and are statistically evaluated using SPSS. The dipole block in 2015 reduced the effects of environmental factors to non-significant correlations with FDKs, while the omega block in 2016 was non-significantly to very significantly correlated with FDKs in the northwestern and western regions. The occurrence of FDKs was favored for wheat cultivation in acidic soils and inhibited in alkaline soils. Wheat samples with FDKs ≥ 1% were sampled from crops grown in river meadows with high and very high risks of flooding. Knowing the contaminants' geographical and spatial distributions under the influence of regular and extreme weather events is important for establishing measures to mitigate the effects of climate change and to ensure human and animal health.