Feasibility of conductivity imaging using subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI gradients
Purpose To investigate the feasibility of low‐frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI z‐gradients. Methods We developed a simulation model for calculating subject eddy currents and the magnetic fields they generate...
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| Published in | Magnetic resonance in medicine Vol. 77; no. 5; pp. 1926 - 1937 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
01.05.2017
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| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0740-3194 1522-2594 |
| DOI | 10.1002/mrm.26283 |
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| Abstract | Purpose
To investigate the feasibility of low‐frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI z‐gradients.
Methods
We developed a simulation model for calculating subject eddy currents and the magnetic fields they generate (subject eddy fields). The inverse problem of obtaining conductivity distribution from subject eddy fields was formulated as a convection‐reaction partial differential equation. For measuring subject eddy fields, a modified spin‐echo pulse sequence was used to determine the contribution of subject eddy fields to MR phase images.
Results
In the simulations, successful conductivity reconstructions were obtained by solving the derived convection‐reaction equation, suggesting that the proposed reconstruction algorithm performs well under ideal conditions. However, the level of the calculated phase due to the subject eddy field in a representative object indicates that this phase is below the noise level and cannot be measured with an uncertainty sufficiently low for accurate conductivity reconstruction. Furthermore, some artifacts other than random noise were observed in the measured phases, which are discussed in relation to the effects of system imperfections during readout.
Conclusion
Low‐frequency conductivity imaging does not seem feasible using basic pulse sequences such as spin‐echo on a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 77:1926–1937, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine |
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| AbstractList | PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of low‐frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI z‐gradients.MethodsWe developed a simulation model for calculating subject eddy currents and the magnetic fields they generate (subject eddy fields). The inverse problem of obtaining conductivity distribution from subject eddy fields was formulated as a convection‐reaction partial differential equation. For measuring subject eddy fields, a modified spin‐echo pulse sequence was used to determine the contribution of subject eddy fields to MR phase images.ResultsIn the simulations, successful conductivity reconstructions were obtained by solving the derived convection‐reaction equation, suggesting that the proposed reconstruction algorithm performs well under ideal conditions. However, the level of the calculated phase due to the subject eddy field in a representative object indicates that this phase is below the noise level and cannot be measured with an uncertainty sufficiently low for accurate conductivity reconstruction. Furthermore, some artifacts other than random noise were observed in the measured phases, which are discussed in relation to the effects of system imperfections during readout.ConclusionLow‐frequency conductivity imaging does not seem feasible using basic pulse sequences such as spin‐echo on a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 77:1926–1937, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Purpose To investigate the feasibility of low-frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI z-gradients. Methods We developed a simulation model for calculating subject eddy currents and the magnetic fields they generate (subject eddy fields). The inverse problem of obtaining conductivity distribution from subject eddy fields was formulated as a convection-reaction partial differential equation. For measuring subject eddy fields, a modified spin-echo pulse sequence was used to determine the contribution of subject eddy fields to MR phase images. Results In the simulations, successful conductivity reconstructions were obtained by solving the derived convection-reaction equation, suggesting that the proposed reconstruction algorithm performs well under ideal conditions. However, the level of the calculated phase due to the subject eddy field in a representative object indicates that this phase is below the noise level and cannot be measured with an uncertainty sufficiently low for accurate conductivity reconstruction. Furthermore, some artifacts other than random noise were observed in the measured phases, which are discussed in relation to the effects of system imperfections during readout. Conclusion Low-frequency conductivity imaging does not seem feasible using basic pulse sequences such as spin-echo on a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 77:1926-1937, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine PURPOSETo investigate the feasibility of low-frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI z-gradients.METHODSWe developed a simulation model for calculating subject eddy currents and the magnetic fields they generate (subject eddy fields). The inverse problem of obtaining conductivity distribution from subject eddy fields was formulated as a convection-reaction partial differential equation. For measuring subject eddy fields, a modified spin-echo pulse sequence was used to determine the contribution of subject eddy fields to MR phase images.RESULTSIn the simulations, successful conductivity reconstructions were obtained by solving the derived convection-reaction equation, suggesting that the proposed reconstruction algorithm performs well under ideal conditions. However, the level of the calculated phase due to the subject eddy field in a representative object indicates that this phase is below the noise level and cannot be measured with an uncertainty sufficiently low for accurate conductivity reconstruction. Furthermore, some artifacts other than random noise were observed in the measured phases, which are discussed in relation to the effects of system imperfections during readout.CONCLUSIONLow-frequency conductivity imaging does not seem feasible using basic pulse sequences such as spin-echo on a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 77:1926-1937, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of low-frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI z-gradients. Methods We developed a simulation model for calculating subject eddy currents and the magnetic fields they generate (subject eddy fields). The inverse problem of obtaining conductivity distribution from subject eddy fields was formulated as a convection-reaction partial differential equation. For measuring subject eddy fields, a modified spin-echo pulse sequence was used to determine the contribution of subject eddy fields to MR phase images. Results In the simulations, successful conductivity reconstructions were obtained by solving the derived convection-reaction equation, suggesting that the proposed reconstruction algorithm performs well under ideal conditions. However, the level of the calculated phase due to the subject eddy field in a representative object indicates that this phase is below the noise level and cannot be measured with an uncertainty sufficiently low for accurate conductivity reconstruction. Furthermore, some artifacts other than random noise were observed in the measured phases, which are discussed in relation to the effects of system imperfections during readout. Conclusion Low-frequency conductivity imaging does not seem feasible using basic pulse sequences such as spin-echo on a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 77:1926-1937, 2017. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of low‐frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI z‐gradients. Methods We developed a simulation model for calculating subject eddy currents and the magnetic fields they generate (subject eddy fields). The inverse problem of obtaining conductivity distribution from subject eddy fields was formulated as a convection‐reaction partial differential equation. For measuring subject eddy fields, a modified spin‐echo pulse sequence was used to determine the contribution of subject eddy fields to MR phase images. Results In the simulations, successful conductivity reconstructions were obtained by solving the derived convection‐reaction equation, suggesting that the proposed reconstruction algorithm performs well under ideal conditions. However, the level of the calculated phase due to the subject eddy field in a representative object indicates that this phase is below the noise level and cannot be measured with an uncertainty sufficiently low for accurate conductivity reconstruction. Furthermore, some artifacts other than random noise were observed in the measured phases, which are discussed in relation to the effects of system imperfections during readout. Conclusion Low‐frequency conductivity imaging does not seem feasible using basic pulse sequences such as spin‐echo on a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 77:1926–1937, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine To investigate the feasibility of low-frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI z-gradients. We developed a simulation model for calculating subject eddy currents and the magnetic fields they generate (subject eddy fields). The inverse problem of obtaining conductivity distribution from subject eddy fields was formulated as a convection-reaction partial differential equation. For measuring subject eddy fields, a modified spin-echo pulse sequence was used to determine the contribution of subject eddy fields to MR phase images. In the simulations, successful conductivity reconstructions were obtained by solving the derived convection-reaction equation, suggesting that the proposed reconstruction algorithm performs well under ideal conditions. However, the level of the calculated phase due to the subject eddy field in a representative object indicates that this phase is below the noise level and cannot be measured with an uncertainty sufficiently low for accurate conductivity reconstruction. Furthermore, some artifacts other than random noise were observed in the measured phases, which are discussed in relation to the effects of system imperfections during readout. Low-frequency conductivity imaging does not seem feasible using basic pulse sequences such as spin-echo on a clinical MRI scanner. Magn Reson Med 77:1926-1937, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. |
| Author | Ider, Yusuf Ziya Oran, Omer Faruk |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Omer Faruk orcidid: 0000-0003-0444-0727 surname: Oran fullname: Oran, Omer Faruk organization: Bilkent University – sequence: 2 givenname: Yusuf Ziya surname: Ider fullname: Ider, Yusuf Ziya email: ider@ee.bilkent.edu.tr organization: Bilkent University |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27364521$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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To investigate the feasibility of low‐frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by... To investigate the feasibility of low-frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by switching of... Purpose To investigate the feasibility of low-frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by... PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of low‐frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by... PURPOSETo investigate the feasibility of low-frequency conductivity imaging based on measuring the magnetic field due to subject eddy currents induced by... |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Cell Membrane - metabolism Computer Simulation Conductivity Convection Eddy currents Electric Conductivity Feasibility gradient Humans image distortions Inverse problems low frequency Magnetic Fields Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Models, Statistical MRI Partial differential equations Phantoms, Imaging Random noise Reconstruction Signal-To-Noise Ratio Switching |
| Title | Feasibility of conductivity imaging using subject eddy currents induced by switching of MRI gradients |
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