Do Employee Share Owners Face Too Much Financial Risk?
A major theoretical objection against employee share ownership is that workers are exposed to excessive financial risk. Theory posits that 10 to 15% of a typical worker’s wealth portfolio can be prudently invested in employer stock. The authors analyze employee share ownership in US family portfolio...
Saved in:
| Published in | Industrial & labor relations review Vol. 75; no. 3; pp. 716 - 740 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.05.2022
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | A major theoretical objection against employee share ownership is that workers are exposed to excessive financial risk. Theory posits that 10 to 15% of a typical worker’s wealth portfolio can be prudently invested in employer stock. The authors analyze employee share ownership in US family portfolios using the 2004 to 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances. Overall, 15.3% of families with private-sector employees held employer stock in 2016, and one in six of these families exceeded the 15% threshold. Employee share ownership appears to generally add to, rather than substitute for, both pension and overall wealth. Employee share owners express higher risk tolerance and financial knowledge and greater understanding of the value of diversification. While financial risk does not appear to be a substantial problem for most employee share owners, a small minority may face excessive risk, and the authors suggest approaches to reduce such risk. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A major theoretical objection against employee share ownership is that workers are exposed to excessive financial risk. Theory posits that 10 to 15% of a typical worker’s wealth portfolio can be prudently invested in employer stock. The authors analyze employee share ownership in US family portfolios using the 2004 to 2016 Survey of Consumer Finances. Overall, 15.3% of families with private-sector employees held employer stock in 2016, and one in six of these families exceeded the 15% threshold. Employee share ownership appears to generally add to, rather than substitute for, both pension and overall wealth. Employee share owners express higher risk tolerance and financial knowledge and greater understanding of the value of diversification. While financial risk does not appear to be a substantial problem for most employee share owners, a small minority may face excessive risk, and the authors suggest approaches to reduce such risk. |
| Author | Weltmann, Dan Castellano, William Kruse, Douglas Kang, Saehee Blasi, Joseph Kim, Jung Ook |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Douglas orcidid: 0000-0002-7121-7616 surname: Kruse fullname: Kruse, Douglas email: dkruse@smlr.rutgers.edu – sequence: 2 givenname: Joseph surname: Blasi fullname: Blasi, Joseph – sequence: 3 givenname: Dan orcidid: 0000-0003-2632-5877 surname: Weltmann fullname: Weltmann, Dan – sequence: 4 givenname: Saehee orcidid: 0000-0003-0219-9546 surname: Kang fullname: Kang, Saehee – sequence: 5 givenname: Jung Ook surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Jung Ook – sequence: 6 givenname: William surname: Castellano fullname: Castellano, William |
| BookMark | eNp1kEFLAzEQhYNUsK3-AG8Bz1szSXazexKpXRUqBa3gbZmmE7u13dSkRfrv3VLBgziXd5jvvQevxzqNb4ixSxADAGOuhYDCFKqQAEIYVegT1pWQyUQaeOuw7uGfHIAz1otxKdrTBrosu_N8tN6s_J6IvywwEJ98NRQiL9ESn3rPn3Z2wcu6wcbWuOLPdfy4OWenDleRLn60z17L0XT4kIwn94_D23FiNaht4gqVyxwsWaGMca1kVs9QOevSlLSRiKjBQeYUpiaHGdmZ1irPxDxFMZ-rPrs65m6C_9xR3FZLvwtNW1nJTKcaRK5US8GRssHHGMhVm1CvMewrENVhnurPPK1ncPREfKff1P8N30HSZGA |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1108_JPEO_03_2022_0003 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12144_023_05437_9 crossref_primary_10_1002_hrm_22139 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jbusres_2023_113922 crossref_primary_10_1051_shsconf_202317803017 crossref_primary_10_1108_cpoib_12_2022_0133 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1111/1748-8583.12115 10.2139/ssrn.3826002 10.1177/001979390606000102 10.7208/chicago/9780226056968.003.0004 10.1016/j.jce.2009.08.001 10.1257/jel.47.2.448 10.7208/chicago/9780226056968.003.0012 10.1177/0149206318770732 10.15185/izawol.311 10.2307/2526310 10.1257/000282803321947416 10.1086/430807 10.1016/S0885-3339(04)08001-9 10.1177/001979391406700108 10.2307/1885099 10.1108/S0885-3339(2013)0000014006 10.1177/001979399605000104 10.7208/chicago/9780226056968.001.0001 10.17016/bulletin.2017.103-3 10.1257/jep.32.2.155 10.1007/s10479-009-0544-1 10.1002/hrm.21892 10.7208/chicago/9780226056968.003.0010 10.1111/jofi.12150 10.7208/chicago/9780226056968.003.0011 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | The Author(s) 2021 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: The Author(s) 2021 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION 7U4 8BJ BHHNA DWI FQK JBE K9. WZK |
| DOI | 10.1177/00197939211007394 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017) International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) Sociological Abstracts Sociological Abstracts International Bibliography of the Social Sciences International Bibliography of the Social Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Sociological Abstracts (Ovid) |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS) Sociological Abstracts |
| DatabaseTitleList | CrossRef Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017) |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Economics Law |
| EISSN | 2162-271X |
| EndPage | 740 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 10_1177_00197939211007394 10.1177_00197939211007394 |
| GroupedDBID | -ET -TM -~X 0-V 07C 0R3 0R~ 0ZK 1OL 2-G 29I 2AX 2QL 2WC 3EH 3R3 3V. 476 5.J 54M 5GY 6CT 6DY 7LF 7WY 7X7 85S 88E 8FI 8FJ 8FL 8G5 8OO 8R4 8R5 8VB 96U AABCJ AABXT AACKU AADCB AADIR AADUE AAFWJ AAGGD AAIKC AAJPV AAKTJ AAMFR AAMGE AAMNW AANSI AAPEO AARIX AATAA AATGF AAUIH AAVTF AAWLO AAZCK ABACO ABAWP ABBHK ABCCA ABCQX ABEIX ABFSI ABFXH ABJNI ABKRH ABKTN ABKVW ABLWH ABPNF ABPPZ ABQDK ABQIJ ABQKF ABQPY ABQXT ABRHV ABTAH ABUWG ABVAB ABXSQ ABYTW ABYYQ ACAEP ACBMB ACDXX ACFUR ACFZE ACGFO ACGFS ACHQT ACIOK ACLZU ACNCT ACOFE ACOXC ACREJ ACROE ACSIQ ACTQU ACUFS ACUIR ADACV ADBBV ADCHZ ADEIA ADEPB ADEYR ADGDI ADJXH ADNFJ ADPEE ADQSQ ADRRZ ADSFD ADTOS ADUKL ADULT ADUOI ADXQA ADZJE AEEHM AEGGN AEGXH AEMOZ AEOBU AERDR AESMA AESZF AEUHG AEUIJ AEUPB AEVPJ AEWDL AEWHI AEXNY AFAIT AFAZI AFEET AFKBI AFKRA AFKRG AFMOU AFQAA AFTQD AFUIA AFZVT AGDVU AGHSJ AGKLV AGNHF AGNWV AGUGZ AHAJD AHWHD AI. AIAGR AIDAL AIOMO AJPNJ AJUZI AKVCP AL2 ALFTD ALIPV ALJHS ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALSLI ANDLU AQSKT ARALO ARTOV AS~ AUTPY AYPQM AZFZN AZQEC BDZRT BENPR BEZIV BHRNT BKOMP BMVBW BPACV BPHCQ BVXVI C1A CBRKF CBXGM CCGJY CCKSF CCPQU CEADM CFQGQ CJNVE CS3 CYVLN DOPDO DU5 DV7 DV8 DWQXO E.L EBA EBE EBO EBR EBS EBU ECR ECVKH EHB EHE EJD EKAWT EMK EPL ESI ESO F20 F5P F8P FHBDP FM. FRNLG FYUFA GCT GENNL GNUQQ GOZPB GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_COMPLETE GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_RESEARCH GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION GRPMH GUPYA GUQSH HCSNT HGD HISYW HMCUK HOCAJ HVGLF HYQOX IAO IBB ICJ IEA IER IGG ILT IOF IPSME ITC J8X JAAYA JAV JBC JBMMH JBZCM JCYGO JENOY JHFFW JKQEH JLEZI JLXEF JPL JPPEU JSODD JST K1G K60 K6~ L7B LPU LXB LXL LXN LXO LXU LXY M0C M0P M1P M2O M2R M4V MVM N95 NHB O-F O2D O9- OK1 P-O P2P PQBIZ PQBZA PQEDU PQQKQ PRG PROAC PSQYO Q.- Q1R Q2X Q5E QF4 QM6 QN7 QO5 QWB RHO RNS ROL RWL RXW SA0 SCNPE SFC SJN SSDHQ TAA TAC TAE TAG TAH TAI TH9 TN5 TQQ TQW TR2 TWJ TWL TWZ UFL UHB UKHRP UKR UPT UXR VH1 VKN VQA W2G WE1 WH7 X6Y XFL XI7 XZL YQR YYP YZZ ZCA ZCG ZL0 ZPLXX ZPPRI ZRF ZRR ZY4 ZYG ~32 ~45 ~OB ~OC ~OG ~X8 ~ZZ AAAZS AAXLS AAYXX ACJER ACXJH ADMHG AEDXQ APTMU CITATION H13 7U4 8BJ BHHNA DWI FQK JBE K9. WZK |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c413t-f938281cec0377fec06c4ba3fcf55e472aaa41f16f3a5781becb443860d5a0dd3 |
| ISSN | 0019-7939 |
| IngestDate | Thu Oct 10 20:34:02 EDT 2024 Fri Dec 06 07:54:09 EST 2024 Tue Jul 16 20:47:10 EDT 2024 |
| IsDoiOpenAccess | false |
| IsOpenAccess | true |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 3 |
| Keywords | benefits pay incentives risk compensation performance pay pay practices |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | OpenURL |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c413t-f938281cec0377fec06c4ba3fcf55e472aaa41f16f3a5781becb443860d5a0dd3 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7121-7616 0000-0003-0219-9546 0000-0003-2632-5877 |
| OpenAccessLink | https://econpapers.repec.org/scripts/redir.pf?u=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.iza.org%2Fdp12303.pdf;h=repec:iza:izadps:dp12303 |
| PQID | 2645410833 |
| PQPubID | 41821 |
| PageCount | 25 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_journals_2645410833 crossref_primary_10_1177_00197939211007394 sage_journals_10_1177_00197939211007394 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2022-05-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-05-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 05 year: 2022 text: 2022-05-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Los Angeles, CA |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Los Angeles, CA – name: Ithaca |
| PublicationTitle | Industrial & labor relations review |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
| Publisher_xml | – name: SAGE Publications – name: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
| References | Meulbroek 2005; 48 Blasi, Conte, Kruse 1996; 50 Pencavel, Pistaferri, Schivardi 2006; 60 Rodgers 2010; 100 Nyberg, Maltarich, Dee, Spenser M. Essman, Cragun 2018; 44 Berson, Cushing 2009; 26 Croson, Gneezy 2009; 47 Kardas, Scharf, Keogh 1998; 10 Brill 2012 Lee 1978; 19 Boczar, Pai 2017; 6 Markowitz, Blasi, Kruse 2010; 176 Mata, Frey, Richter, Schupp, Hertwig 2018; 32 2018 Burdín, Dean 2009; 34 Poterba 2003; 93 Akerlof 1982; 97 Pendleton, Robinson 2018; 57 Kim, Ouimet 2014; 69 Burdín 2014; 67 O’Boyle, Patel, Gonzalez-Mulé 2016; 26 Kardas Peter (bibr21-00197939211007394) 1998; 10 bibr38-00197939211007394 bibr12-00197939211007394 bibr2-00197939211007394 Blair Margaret (bibr4-00197939211007394) 2002 bibr32-00197939211007394 bibr8-00197939211007394 bibr18-00197939211007394 bibr45-00197939211007394 Berson Lauren E. (bibr3-00197939211007394) 2009; 26 bibr17-00197939211007394 bibr24-00197939211007394 bibr37-00197939211007394 bibr1-00197939211007394 bibr11-00197939211007394 Boczar Tom (bibr10-00197939211007394) 2017; 6 bibr31-00197939211007394 bibr41-00197939211007394 Blasi Joseph R. (bibr7-00197939211007394) 1991 bibr47-00197939211007394 bibr36-00197939211007394 bibr46-00197939211007394 bibr20-00197939211007394 bibr26-00197939211007394 Kruse Douglas. (bibr25-00197939211007394) 2002 bibr16-00197939211007394 Kurtulus Fidan (bibr28-00197939211007394) 2017 Markowitz Harry (bibr30-00197939211007394) 1971 bibr15-00197939211007394 bibr50-00197939211007394 bibr5-00197939211007394 Rodgers Loren (bibr43-00197939211007394) 2010; 100 bibr35-00197939211007394 bibr42-00197939211007394 bibr48-00197939211007394 bibr27-00197939211007394 bibr34-00197939211007394 bibr14-00197939211007394 bibr9-00197939211007394 bibr44-00197939211007394 Blasi Joseph (bibr6-00197939211007394) 2014 Pérotin Virginie (bibr40-00197939211007394) 1987; 2 bibr13-00197939211007394 bibr33-00197939211007394 bibr23-00197939211007394 Keynes John M. (bibr22-00197939211007394) 1983 bibr39-00197939211007394 bibr29-00197939211007394 bibr49-00197939211007394 Democracy at Work Institute (bibr19-00197939211007394) 2019 |
| References_xml | – volume: 34 issue: 4 year: 2009 article-title: New evidence on wages and employment in worker cooperatives compared with capitalist firms publication-title: Journal of Comparative Economics contributor: fullname: Dean – volume: 57 issue: 5 year: 2018 article-title: Lack of diversification among employee stock owners: An empirical evaluation of behavioral explanations publication-title: Human Resource Management contributor: fullname: Robinson – year: 2012 article-title: An analysis of the benefits S ESOPs provide the U.S. economy and workforce contributor: fullname: Brill – volume: 10 start-page: 3 issue: 4 year: 1998 end-page: 52 article-title: Wealth and income consequences of ESOPs and employee ownership: A comparative study from Washington State publication-title: Journal of Employee Ownership Law and Finance contributor: fullname: Keogh – volume: 97 issue: 4 year: 1982 article-title: Labor contracts as partial gift exchange publication-title: Quarterly Journal of Economics contributor: fullname: Akerlof – volume: 48 issue: 2 year: 2005 article-title: Company stock in pension plans: How costly is it? publication-title: Journal of Law and Economics contributor: fullname: Meulbroek – volume: 19 issue: 2 year: 1978 article-title: Unionism and wage rates: A simultaneous equations model with qualitative and limited dependent variables publication-title: International Economic Review contributor: fullname: Lee – volume: 6 start-page: 62 issue: 4 year: 2017 end-page: 75 article-title: De-risking concentrated stock positions publication-title: Alternative Investment Analyst Review contributor: fullname: Pai – volume: 32 issue: 2 year: 2018 article-title: Risk preference: A view from psychology publication-title: Journal of Economic Perspectives contributor: fullname: Hertwig – volume: 50 start-page: 60 issue: 1 year: 1996 end-page: 79 article-title: Employee stock ownership and corporate performance among public companies publication-title: Industrial and Labor Relations Review contributor: fullname: Kruse – volume: 67 issue: 1 year: 2014 article-title: Are worker-managed firms more likely to fail than conventional enterprises? Evidence from Uruguay publication-title: ILR Review contributor: fullname: Burdín – volume: 26 issue: 2 year: 2009 article-title: Safeguarding employee stock ownership plans: Insurance as assurance publication-title: Hofstra Labor and Employment Law Journal contributor: fullname: Cushing – volume: 60 start-page: 23 issue: 1 year: 2006 end-page: 44 article-title: Wages, employment and capital in capitalist and worker-owned firms publication-title: Industrial and Labor Relations Review contributor: fullname: Schivardi – volume: 176 start-page: 95 issue: 1 year: 2010 end-page: 107 article-title: Employee stock ownership and diversification publication-title: Annals of Operations Research contributor: fullname: Kruse – volume: 26 issue: 4 year: 2016 article-title: Employee ownership and firm performance: A meta-analysis publication-title: Human Resource Management Journal contributor: fullname: Gonzalez-Mulé – volume: 44 issue: 6 year: 2018 article-title: Collective pay for performance: A cross-disciplinary review and meta-analysis publication-title: Journal of Management contributor: fullname: Cragun – volume: 69 issue: 3 year: 2014 article-title: Broad-based employee stock ownership: Motives and outcomes publication-title: Journal of Finance contributor: fullname: Ouimet – volume: 93 start-page: 398 issue: 2 year: 2003 end-page: 404 article-title: Employer stock and 401(k) plans publication-title: American Economic Review contributor: fullname: Poterba – start-page: 15 year: 2018 article-title: Annual default study: Corporate default and recovery rates, 1920–2017 – volume: 100 start-page: 1 year: 2010 end-page: 2 article-title: Are ESOPs good for employees? publication-title: Pension and Benefits Daily contributor: fullname: Rodgers – volume: 47 issue: 2 year: 2009 article-title: Gender differences in preferences publication-title: Journal of Economic Literature contributor: fullname: Gneezy – ident: bibr36-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1111/1748-8583.12115 – volume: 26 issue: 2 year: 2009 ident: bibr3-00197939211007394 publication-title: Hofstra Labor and Employment Law Journal contributor: fullname: Berson Lauren E. – volume: 2 volume-title: Advances in the Economic Analysis of Participatory and Labor-Managed Firms year: 1987 ident: bibr40-00197939211007394 contributor: fullname: Pérotin Virginie – ident: bibr20-00197939211007394 doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3826002 – ident: bibr38-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1177/001979390606000102 – ident: bibr8-00197939211007394 doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226056968.003.0004 – volume: 100 start-page: 1 year: 2010 ident: bibr43-00197939211007394 publication-title: Pension and Benefits Daily contributor: fullname: Rodgers Loren – ident: bibr49-00197939211007394 – ident: bibr16-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1016/j.jce.2009.08.001 – ident: bibr44-00197939211007394 – ident: bibr50-00197939211007394 – ident: bibr18-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1257/jel.47.2.448 – ident: bibr2-00197939211007394 – ident: bibr13-00197939211007394 doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226056968.003.0012 – ident: bibr35-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1177/0149206318770732 – volume-title: The Citizen’s Share: Reducing Inequality in the 21st year: 2014 ident: bibr6-00197939211007394 contributor: fullname: Blasi Joseph – volume: 6 start-page: 62 issue: 4 year: 2017 ident: bibr10-00197939211007394 publication-title: Alternative Investment Analyst Review contributor: fullname: Boczar Tom – ident: bibr26-00197939211007394 doi: 10.15185/izawol.311 – ident: bibr29-00197939211007394 doi: 10.2307/2526310 – volume: 10 start-page: 3 issue: 4 year: 1998 ident: bibr21-00197939211007394 publication-title: Journal of Employee Ownership Law and Finance contributor: fullname: Kardas Peter – ident: bibr41-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1257/000282803321947416 – ident: bibr33-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1086/430807 – ident: bibr37-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1016/S0885-3339(04)08001-9 – volume-title: The New Relationship: Human Capital in the American Corporation year: 2002 ident: bibr4-00197939211007394 contributor: fullname: Blair Margaret – ident: bibr15-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1177/001979391406700108 – ident: bibr1-00197939211007394 doi: 10.2307/1885099 – ident: bibr12-00197939211007394 – ident: bibr9-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1108/S0885-3339(2013)0000014006 – ident: bibr5-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1177/001979399605000104 – ident: bibr47-00197939211007394 – ident: bibr27-00197939211007394 doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226056968.001.0001 – ident: bibr42-00197939211007394 – volume-title: The New Owners: The Mass Emergence of Employee Ownership in Public Companies and What It Means to American Business year: 1991 ident: bibr7-00197939211007394 contributor: fullname: Blasi Joseph R. – ident: bibr11-00197939211007394 doi: 10.17016/bulletin.2017.103-3 – volume-title: How Did Employee Ownership Firms Weather the Past Two Recessions? year: 2017 ident: bibr28-00197939211007394 contributor: fullname: Kurtulus Fidan – ident: bibr46-00197939211007394 – ident: bibr32-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1257/jep.32.2.155 – ident: bibr31-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1007/s10479-009-0544-1 – volume-title: Worker Cooperatives in the United States: 2019 year: 2019 ident: bibr19-00197939211007394 contributor: fullname: Democracy at Work Institute – volume-title: Testimony presented before the Subcommittee on Employer-Employee Relations, US House of Representatives; 107th Cong., 2 year: 2002 ident: bibr25-00197939211007394 contributor: fullname: Kruse Douglas. – volume-title: Portfolio Selection: Efficient Diversification of Investments year: 1971 ident: bibr30-00197939211007394 contributor: fullname: Markowitz Harry – ident: bibr39-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1002/hrm.21892 – ident: bibr34-00197939211007394 – ident: bibr14-00197939211007394 doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226056968.003.0010 – ident: bibr23-00197939211007394 doi: 10.1111/jofi.12150 – ident: bibr48-00197939211007394 – ident: bibr45-00197939211007394 – ident: bibr17-00197939211007394 doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226056968.003.0011 – start-page: 81 volume-title: The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes year: 1983 ident: bibr22-00197939211007394 contributor: fullname: Keynes John M. – ident: bibr24-00197939211007394 |
| SSID | ssj0000471 |
| Score | 2.4152899 |
| Snippet | A major theoretical objection against employee share ownership is that workers are exposed to excessive financial risk. Theory posits that 10 to 15% of a... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref sage |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 716 |
| SubjectTerms | Diversification Employees Families & family life Owners Ownership Portfolios Risk Risk reduction Tolerance Wealth |
| Title | Do Employee Share Owners Face Too Much Financial Risk? |
| URI | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/00197939211007394 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2645410833 |
| Volume | 75 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3da9swEBdt-rC9jLXdWLa26KEwaPCwLPkjT6M0DWVd9kUK3VOQZImOtfFIHAr763eSJdnNWlj34gSFSFj3u9Od7guhwySWZCiZimjK44iVWkcik3kkU5rFZZHqODHZyJNP2dkF-3CZXrZ3uja7pBbv5O9780r-h6owBnQ1WbKPoGyYFAbgO9AXnkBheP4TjUfVwHfstZWX1eDz7dxk5I45sOu0qgaTlbwajENVjW8_lj_XQvk6vTsMCiwoXIaLiaJZ3PEdnC9WTSNGp3cHY94kY3YcCsHdc13fuC7MoxaG5_6Omqsrpbr3DmCyhig_L0vJMALubgSesmMJyUyyj22CE-Rr0xnF4Yh2hGVOss65mzdlm_4W6dapbFYzixl71TgXWXt-eZ_92rEWgg2Jr2i-PsUm2jLlE1kPbR1___J10p7gjaEe3tB5w22hrvVJ7uozrZHSiQu0qsr0OXrmbAx83ABmG22o-Q564lPQlzto8yO_3UXZqMIePtjCBzfwwQY-GOCDDXxwgA828Hn_Al2MT6cnZ5FroxFJ0FDqSA8pmNVEKhnTPNfwkUkmONVSp6liecI5Z0STTFMO8psAVwvGaAG8CvxblvQl6s2ruXqFMPwX9H0NajqnTBSFyEWRKE6VikVaKtlHR34zZr-aaimzB7e_j_b8ds0cUy1niakwR8AuoH301mxh-9ODE71-zKpv0NMWzXuoVy9Wah_0ylocOBj8AbUka4A |
| link.rule.ids | 314,780,784,27924,27925 |
| linkProvider | SAGE Publications |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Do+Employee+Share+Owners+Face+Too+Much+Financial+Risk%3F&rft.jtitle=Industrial+%26+labor+relations+review&rft.au=Kruse%2C+Douglas&rft.au=Blasi%2C+Joseph&rft.au=Weltmann%2C+Dan&rft.au=Kang%2C+Saehee&rft.date=2022-05-01&rft.issn=0019-7939&rft.eissn=2162-271X&rft.volume=75&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=716&rft.epage=740&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F00197939211007394&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1177_00197939211007394 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0019-7939&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0019-7939&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0019-7939&client=summon |