On-board measurements of gaseous pollutant emission characteristics under real driving conditions from light-duty diesel vehicles in Chinese cities

• Published in: Journal of environmental sciences (China) Vol. 46; no. 8; pp. 28 - 37
• Main Authors: Wang, Gang, Cheng, Shuiyuan, Lang, Jianlei, Li, Song, Tian, Liang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.08.2016
• Subjects: Air Pollutants - analysis; Alkanes - analysis; Alkenes - analysis; aromatic compounds; Benzene Derivatives - analysis; carbon dioxide; chemical species; China; Cities; Emission factor; emissions factor; Environmental Monitoring; ethane; ethylene; Hydrocarbon; Hydrocarbons - analysis; Light-duty diesel vehicles; Nitrogen oxide; nitrogen oxides; Nitrogen Oxides - analysis; oxygen; ozone; Ozone formation potential; particulate emissions; pollutants; pollution; propylene; Toluene - analogs & derivatives; Toluene - analysis; Vehicle Emissions - analysis; Volatile organic compounds; Volatile Organic Compounds - analysis; Nitrogen oxide; Volatile organic compounds; Light-duty diesel vehicles; Emission factor; Ozone formation potential; Hydrocarbon
• ISSN: 1001-0742; 1878-7320
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.09.021

A total of 15 light-duty diesel vehicles（LDDVs） were tested with the goal of understanding the emission factors of real-world vehicles by conducting on-board emission measurements. The emission characteristics of hydrocarbons（HC） and nitrogen oxides（NOx） at different speeds, chemical species profiles and ozone formation potential（OFP） of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） emitted from diesel vehicles with different emission standards were analyzed. The results demonstrated that emission reductions of HC and NOxhad been achieved as the control technology became more rigorous from Stage I to Stage IV. It was also found that the HC and NOxemissions and percentage of O2 dropped with the increase of speed, while the percentage of CO2 increased. The abundance of alkanes was significantly higher in diesel vehicle emissions, approximately accounting for 41.1%–45.2%, followed by aromatics and alkenes. The most abundant species were propene,ethane, n-decane, n-undecane, and n-dodecane. The maximum incremental reactivity（MIR）method was adopted to evaluate the contributions of individual VOCs to OFP. The results indicated that the largest contributors to O3 production were alkenes and aromatics, which accounted for 87.7%–91.5%. Propene, ethene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1-butene, and1,2,3-trimethylbenzene were the top five VOC species based on their OFP, and accounted for 54.0%-64.8% of the total OFP. The threshold dilution factor was applied to analyze the possibility of VOC stench pollution. The majority of stench components emitted from vehicle exhaust were aromatics, especially p-diethylbenzene, propylbenzene, m-ethyltoluene, and p-ethyltoluene.