The Roles of Vitreous Biomechanics in Ocular Disease, Biomolecule Transport, and Pharmacokinetics
The biomechanical properties of the vitreous humor and replication of these properties to develop substitutes for the vitreous humor have rapidly become topics of interest over the last two decades. In particular, the behavior of the vitreous humor as a viscoelastic tissue has been investigated to i...
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Published in | Current eye research Vol. 48; no. 2; pp. 195 - 207 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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Taylor & Francis
01.02.2023
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Abstract | The biomechanical properties of the vitreous humor and replication of these properties to develop substitutes for the vitreous humor have rapidly become topics of interest over the last two decades. In particular, the behavior of the vitreous humor as a viscoelastic tissue has been investigated to identify its role in a variety of processes related to biotransport, aging, and age-related pathologies of the vitreoretinal interface.
A thorough search and review of peer-reviewed publications discussing the biomechanical properties of the vitreous humor in both human and animal specimens was conducted. Findings on the effects of biomechanics on vitreoretinal pathologies and vitreous biotransport were analyzed and discussed.
The pig and rabbit vitreous have been found to be most mechanically similar to the human vitreous. Age-related liquefaction of the vitreous creates two mechanically unique phases, with an overall effect of softening the vitreous. However, the techniques used to acquire this mechanical data are limited by the in vitro testing methods used, and the vitreous humor has been hypothesized to behave differently in vivo due in part to its swelling properties. The impact of liquefaction and subsequent detachment of the vitreous humor from the posterior retinal surface is implicated in a variety of tractional pathologies of the retina and macula. Liquefaction also causes significant changes in the biotransport properties of the eye, allowing for significantly faster movement of molecules compared to the healthy vitreous. Recent developments in computational and ex vivo models of the vitreous humor have helped with understanding its behavior and developing materials capable of replacing it.
A better understanding of the biomechanical properties of the vitreous humor and how these relate to its structure will potentially aid in improving clinical metrics for vitreous liquefaction, design of biomimetic vitreous substitutes, and predicting pharmacokinetics for intravitreal drug delivery. |
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AbstractList | The biomechanical properties of the vitreous humor and replication of these properties to develop substitutes for the vitreous humor have rapidly become topics of interest over the last two decades. In particular, the behavior of the vitreous humor as a viscoelastic tissue has been investigated to identify its role in a variety of processes related to biotransport, aging, and age-related pathologies of the vitreoretinal interface.
A thorough search and review of peer-reviewed publications discussing the biomechanical properties of the vitreous humor in both human and animal specimens was conducted. Findings on the effects of biomechanics on vitreoretinal pathologies and vitreous biotransport were analyzed and discussed.
The pig and rabbit vitreous have been found to be most mechanically similar to the human vitreous. Age-related liquefaction of the vitreous creates two mechanically unique phases, with an overall effect of softening the vitreous. However, the techniques used to acquire this mechanical data are limited by the in vitro testing methods used, and the vitreous humor has been hypothesized to behave differently in vivo due in part to its swelling properties. The impact of liquefaction and subsequent detachment of the vitreous humor from the posterior retinal surface is implicated in a variety of tractional pathologies of the retina and macula. Liquefaction also causes significant changes in the biotransport properties of the eye, allowing for significantly faster movement of molecules compared to the healthy vitreous. Recent developments in computational and ex vivo models of the vitreous humor have helped with understanding its behavior and developing materials capable of replacing it.
A better understanding of the biomechanical properties of the vitreous humor and how these relate to its structure will potentially aid in improving clinical metrics for vitreous liquefaction, design of biomimetic vitreous substitutes, and predicting pharmacokinetics for intravitreal drug delivery. The biomechanical properties of the vitreous humor and replication of these properties to develop substitutes for the vitreous humor have rapidly become topics of interest over the last two decades. In particular, the behavior of the vitreous humor as a viscoelastic tissue has been investigated to identify its role in a variety of processes related to biotransport, aging, and age-related pathologies of the vitreoretinal interface. A thorough search and review of peer-reviewed publications discussing the biomechanical properties of the vitreous humor in both human and animal specimens was conducted. Findings on the effects of biomechanics on vitreoretinal pathologies and vitreous biotransport were analyzed and discussed. The pig and rabbit vitreous have been found to be most mechanically similar to the human vitreous. Age-related liquefaction of the vitreous creates two mechanically unique phases, with an overall effect of softening the vitreous. However, the techniques used to acquire this mechanical data are limited by the testing methods used, and the vitreous humor has been hypothesized to behave differently due in part to its swelling properties. The impact of liquefaction and subsequent detachment of the vitreous humor from the posterior retinal surface is implicated in a variety of tractional pathologies of the retina and macula. Liquefaction also causes significant changes in the biotransport properties of the eye, allowing for significantly faster movement of molecules compared to the healthy vitreous. Recent developments in computational and models of the vitreous humor have helped with understanding its behavior and developing materials capable of replacing it. A better understanding of the biomechanical properties of the vitreous humor and how these relate to its structure will potentially aid in improving clinical metrics for vitreous liquefaction, design of biomimetic vitreous substitutes, and predicting pharmacokinetics for intravitreal drug delivery. |
Author | Swindle-Reilly, Katelyn E. Reilly, Matthew A. Parekh, Ankur M. Luo, Richard H. Puri, Raima Tram, Nguyen K. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Richard H. surname: Luo fullname: Luo, Richard H. organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University – sequence: 2 givenname: Nguyen K. surname: Tram fullname: Tram, Nguyen K. organization: Center for Regenerative Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital – sequence: 3 givenname: Ankur M. surname: Parekh fullname: Parekh, Ankur M. organization: William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University – sequence: 4 givenname: Raima surname: Puri fullname: Puri, Raima organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University – sequence: 5 givenname: Matthew A. surname: Reilly fullname: Reilly, Matthew A. organization: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University – sequence: 6 givenname: Katelyn E. surname: Swindle-Reilly fullname: Swindle-Reilly, Katelyn E. organization: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University |
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Keywords | drug diffusion Vitreous humor vitreous liquefaction intravitreal transport viscoelasticity biotransport aging biomechanics ex vivo modeling vitreous swelling |
Language | English |
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SubjectTerms | Aging Animals Biomechanical Phenomena biomechanics biotransport drug diffusion ex vivo modeling Eye Diseases Humans intravitreal transport Rabbits Retina Swine viscoelasticity Vitreous Body Vitreous humor vitreous liquefaction vitreous swelling |
Title | The Roles of Vitreous Biomechanics in Ocular Disease, Biomolecule Transport, and Pharmacokinetics |
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