Electrical properties and conductive mechanisms of immiscible polypropylene/Novolac blends filled with carbon black
Carbon black (CB)-filled immisicible thermoplastic/thermosetting polymer blends consisting of polypropylene (PP) and Novolac resin were reported in this paper. The PP/Novolac/CB blends with varied compositions and different processing sequences were prepared by melt-mixing method. The CB distributio...
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Published in | European polymer journal Vol. 43; no. 12; pp. 5097 - 5106 |
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Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
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01.12.2007
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Abstract | Carbon black (CB)-filled immisicible thermoplastic/thermosetting polymer blends consisting of polypropylene (PP) and Novolac resin were reported in this paper. The PP/Novolac/CB blends with varied compositions and different processing sequences were prepared by melt-mixing method. The CB distribution, conductive mechanism and the relationship between morphology and electrical properties of the PP/Novolac/CB blends were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and extraction experiment results showed that in PP/Novolac blends CB particles preferentially localized in the Novolac phase, indicating CB has a good affinity with Novolac resin. The incorporation of CB changed the spherical particles of the dispersed Novolac phase into elongated structure. With increasing Novolac content, the elongation deformation of Novolac phase became more obvious and eventually the blends developed into co-continuous structure, which form double percolation and decrease the percolation threshold. When CB was initially blended with PP and followed by the addition of Novolac resin, the partial migration of CB from PP to the Novolac phase was possibly occurred. The addition of Novolac to PP evidently increases the storage modulus
G′, loss modulus
G″ and complex viscosity
η
∗. The addition of CB to PP/Novolac blends further increase
η
∗, and it increases with increasing CB loading, which was related to the change of composite morphology. |
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AbstractList | Carbon black (CB)-filled immisicible thermoplastic/thermosetting polymer blends consisting of polypropylene (PP) and Novolac resin were reported in this paper. The PP/Novolac/CB blends with varied compositions and different processing sequences were prepared by melt-mixing method. The CB distribution, conductive mechanism and the relationship between morphology and electrical properties of the PP/Novolac/CB blends were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and extraction experiment results showed that in PP/Novolac blends CB particles preferentially localized in the Novolac phase, indicating CB has a good affinity with Novolac resin. The incorporation of CB changed the spherical particles of the dispersed Novolac phase into elongated structure. With increasing Novolac content, the elongation deformation of Novolac phase became more obvious and eventually the blends developed into co-continuous structure, which form double percolation and decrease the percolation threshold. When CB was initially blended with PP and followed by the addition of Novolac resin, the partial migration of CB from PP to the Novolac phase was possibly occurred. The addition of Novolac to PP evidently increases the storage modulus
G′, loss modulus
G″ and complex viscosity
η
∗. The addition of CB to PP/Novolac blends further increase
η
∗, and it increases with increasing CB loading, which was related to the change of composite morphology. Carbon black (CB)-filled immisicible thermoplastic/thermosetting polymer blends consisting of polypropylene (PP) and Novolac resin were reported in this paper. The PP/Novolac/CB blends with varied compositions and different processing sequences were prepared by melt-mixing method. The CB distribution, conductive mechanism and the relationship between morphology and electrical properties of the PP/Novolac/CB blends were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and extraction experiment results showed that in PP/Novolac blends CB particles preferentially localized in the Novolac phase, indicating CB has a good affinity with Novolac resin. The incorporation of CB changed the spherical particles of the dispersed Novolac phase into elongated structure. With increasing Novolac content, the elongation deformation of Novolac phase became more obvious and eventually the blends developed into co-continuous structure, which form double percolation and decrease the percolation threshold. When CB was initially blended with PP and followed by the addition of Novolac resin, the partial migration of CB from PP to the Novolac phase was possibly occurred. The addition of Novolac to PP evidently increases the storage modulus G', loss modulus G'' and complex viscosity eta*. The addition of CB to PP/Novolac blends further increase eta*, and it increases with increasing CB loading, which was related to the change of composite morphology. |
Author | Zhang, Xiangfu Cui, Limei Zhang, Yinxi Zhou, Wen Zhang, Yong |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Limei surname: Cui fullname: Cui, Limei organization: Research Institute of Polymer Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yong surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yong organization: Research Institute of Polymer Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Yinxi surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yinxi email: yxzhang@sjtu.edu.cn organization: Research Institute of Polymer Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Xiangfu surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiangfu organization: Shanghai PRET Composites Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201700, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Wen surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Wen organization: Shanghai PRET Composites Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201700, China |
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Keywords | Carbon black Polypropylene Novolac Conductive polymer composite Conducting material Polymer blends Electrical properties Molten state Filled polymers Propylene polymer Experimental study Fabrication property relation Heterogeneous mixture Morphology Concentration effect Electric resistivity Rheological properties |
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Snippet | Carbon black (CB)-filled immisicible thermoplastic/thermosetting polymer blends consisting of polypropylene (PP) and Novolac resin were reported in this paper.... |
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SubjectTerms | Applied sciences Carbon black Composites Conductive polymer composite Exact sciences and technology Forms of application and semi-finished materials Novolac Polymer industry, paints, wood Polypropylene Technology of polymers |
Title | Electrical properties and conductive mechanisms of immiscible polypropylene/Novolac blends filled with carbon black |
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