Are intelligence tests measurement invariant over time? Investigating the nature of the Flynn effect
The gains of scores on standardized intelligence tests (i.e., Flynn effect) have been the subject of extensive debate concerning their nature, causes, and implications. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether five intelligence tests are measurement invariant with respect to cohort. Me...
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| Published in | Intelligence (Norwood) Vol. 32; no. 5; pp. 509 - 537 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Orlando, FL
Elsevier Inc
01.01.2004
Elsevier Elsevier Science Ltd |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The gains of scores on standardized intelligence tests (i.e., Flynn effect) have been the subject of extensive debate concerning their nature, causes, and implications. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether five intelligence tests are measurement invariant with respect to cohort. Measurement invariance implies that gains over the years can be attributed to increases in the latent variables that the tests purport to measure. The studies reported contain original data of Dutch Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) gains from 1967 to 1999, Dutch Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) gains from 1984 to 1995, gains on a Dutch children intelligence test (RAKIT) from 1982 to 1993, and reanalyses of results from Must, Must, and Raudik [
Intelligence 167 (2003) 1–11] and Teasdale and Owen [
Intelligence 28 (2000) 115–120]. The results of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses clearly indicate that measurement invariance with respect to cohorts is untenable. Uniform measurement bias is observed in some, but not all subtests. The implications of these findings are discussed. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The gains of scores on standardized intelligence tests (i.e., Flynn effect) have been the subject of extensive debate concerning their nature, causes, and implications. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether five intelligence tests are measurement invariant with respect to cohort. Measurement invariance implies that gains over the years can be attributed to increases in the latent variables that the tests purport to measure. The studies reported contain original data of Dutch Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) gains from 1967 to 1999, Dutch Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) gains from 1984 to 1995, gains on a Dutch children intelligence test (RAKIT) from 1982 to 1993, and reanalyses of results from Must, Must, and Raudik [Intelligence 167 (2003) 1-11] and Teasdale and Owen [Intelligence 28 (2000) 115-120]. The results of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses clearly indicate that measurement invariance with respect to cohorts is untenable. Uniform measurement bias is observed in some, but not all subtests. The implications of these findings are discussed. The gains of scores on standardized intelligence tests (i.e., Flynn effect) have been the subject of extensive debate concerning their nature, causes, and implications. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether five intelligence tests are measurement invariant with respect to cohort. Measurement invariance implies that gains over the years can be attributed to increases in the latent variables that the tests purport to measure. The studies reported contain original data of Dutch Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) gains from 1967 to 1999, Dutch Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) gains from 1984 to 1995, gains on a Dutch children intelligence test (RAKIT) from 1982 to 1993, and reanalyses of results from Must, Must, and Raudik [Intelligence 167 (2003) 1-11] and Teasdale and Owen [Intelligence 28 (2000) 115-120]. The results of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses clearly indicate that measurement invariance with respect to cohorts is untenable. Uniform measurement bias is observed in some, but not all subtests. The implications of these findings are discussed. (Original abstract) The gains of scores on standardized intelligence tests (i.e., Flynn effect) have been the subject of extensive debate concerning their nature, causes, and implications. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether five intelligence tests are measurement invariant with respect to cohort. Measurement invariance implies that gains over the years can be attributed to increases in the latent variables that the tests purport to measure. The studies reported contain original data of Dutch Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) gains from 1967 to 1999, Dutch Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) gains from 1984 to 1995, gains on a Dutch children intelligence test (RAKIT) from 1982 to 1993, and reanalyses of results from Must, Must, and Raudik [ Intelligence 167 (2003) 1–11] and Teasdale and Owen [ Intelligence 28 (2000) 115–120]. The results of multigroup confirmatory factor analyses clearly indicate that measurement invariance with respect to cohorts is untenable. Uniform measurement bias is observed in some, but not all subtests. The implications of these findings are discussed. |
| Author | Wicherts, Jelte M. Hessen, David J. Boomsma, Dorret I. van Baal, G. Caroline M. Dolan, Conor V. Span, Mark M. Oosterveld, Paul |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Jelte M. surname: Wicherts fullname: Wicherts, Jelte M. email: J.M.Wicherts@uva.nl organization: Psychological Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 2 givenname: Conor V. surname: Dolan fullname: Dolan, Conor V. organization: Psychological Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 3 givenname: David J. surname: Hessen fullname: Hessen, David J. organization: Psychological Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 4 givenname: Paul surname: Oosterveld fullname: Oosterveld, Paul organization: Psychological Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Roetersstraat 15, 1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 5 givenname: G. Caroline M. surname: van Baal fullname: van Baal, G. Caroline M. organization: Department of Biological Psychology, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 6 givenname: Dorret I. surname: Boomsma fullname: Boomsma, Dorret I. organization: Department of Biological Psychology, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands – sequence: 7 givenname: Mark M. surname: Span fullname: Span, Mark M. organization: Test-Developer, Swets Test Publishers, Lisse, The Netherlands |
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| Keywords | Intelligence tests Factorial invariance Flynn effect Human Factor analysis Intellectual ability Cognition Intelligence test Invariance Time variation |
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| SubjectTerms | Aptitude Tests Bias Biological and medical sciences Cognition. Intelligence Confirmatory factor analysis Differential Aptitude Test Discriminant analysis Factor Analysis Factorial invariance Flynn effect Foreign Countries Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Intellectual and cognitive abilities Intelligence Tests Latent Variables Measurement Netherlands Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Subtests Test-Retest reliability Trends Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale |
| Title | Are intelligence tests measurement invariant over time? Investigating the nature of the Flynn effect |
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