Human milk nonprotein nitrogen components: changing patterns of free amino acids and urea in the course of early lactation
Free amino acids and urea were analyzed in 78 human milk samples obtained during the first 5 wk of lactation from 10 mothers delivering at term. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the concentrations between colostral and mature milk were found for glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, glycine,...
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| Published in | The American journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 40; no. 2; pp. 303 - 309 |
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| Main Authors | , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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United States
Elsevier Inc
01.08.1984
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| Abstract | Free amino acids and urea were analyzed in 78 human milk samples obtained during the first 5 wk of lactation from 10 mothers delivering at term. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the concentrations between colostral and mature milk were found for glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, glycine, cystine, and phosphoethanolamine which increased, and with serine, phosphoserine, aspartic acid + asparagine, arginine, lysine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, methionine, tryptophan, and β-alanine which decreased. Some of these changes occurred within the first 5 days of lactation, so that differences between transitional and mature milk became negligible (glutamic acid, alanine, and serine, aspartic acid + asparagine, lysine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, respectively). No significant differences between any of the three stages of lactation were found regarding the concentrations of total free amino acids, urea, taurine, threonine, valine, leucine, histidine, and tyrosine. Possible relevances for free amino acids, including nonprotein ones, in human milk are discussed. |
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| AbstractList | Extract: Free amino acids and urea were analyzed in 78 human milk samples obtained during the first 5 weeks of lactation from 10 mothers delivering at term. Significant differences in the concentrations between colostral and mature milk were found for glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, glycine, cystine, and phosphoethanolamine which increased, and with serine, phosphoserine, aspartic acid + asparagine, arginine, lysine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, methionine, tryptophan, and beta-alanine which decreased. Some of these changes occurred within the first 5 days of lactation, so that differences between transitional and mature milk became negligible (glutamic acid, alanine, and serine, aspartic acid + asparagine, lysine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, respectively). No significant differences between any of the 3 stages of lactation were found regarding the concentrations of total free amino acids, urea, taurine, threonine, valine, leucine, histidine, and tyrosine. Possible relevances for free amino acids, including nonprotein ones, in human milk are discussed. (author) Free amino acids and urea were analyzed in 78 human milk samples obtained during the first 5 wk of lactation from 10 mothers delivering at term. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) in the concentrations between colostral and mature milk were found for glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, glycine, cystine, and phosphoethanolamine which increased, and with serine, phosphoserine, aspartic acid + asparagine, arginine, lysine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, methionine, tryptophan, and beta-alanine which decreased. Some of these changes occurred within the first 5 days of lactation, so that differences between transitional and mature milk became negligible (glutamic acid, alanine, and serine, aspartic acid + asparagine, lysine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, respectively). No significant differences between any of the three stages of lactation were found regarding the concentrations of total free amino acids, urea, taurine, threonine, valine, leucine, histidine, and tyrosine. Possible relevances for free amino acids, including nonprotein ones, in human milk are discussed. Free amino acids and urea were analyzed in 78 human milk samples obtained during the first 5 wk of lactation from 10 mothers delivering at term. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the concentrations between colostral and mature milk were found for glutamic acid, glutamine, alanine, glycine, cystine, and phosphoethanolamine which increased, and with serine, phosphoserine, aspartic acid + asparagine, arginine, lysine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, methionine, tryptophan, and β-alanine which decreased. Some of these changes occurred within the first 5 days of lactation, so that differences between transitional and mature milk became negligible (glutamic acid, alanine, and serine, aspartic acid + asparagine, lysine, isoleucine, methionine, tryptophan, respectively). No significant differences between any of the three stages of lactation were found regarding the concentrations of total free amino acids, urea, taurine, threonine, valine, leucine, histidine, and tyrosine. Possible relevances for free amino acids, including nonprotein ones, in human milk are discussed. |
| Author | Bindels, J.G Franzke, V Harzer, G |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6147084$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | Human milk nonprotein nitrogen lactation free amino acids urea |
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| Snippet | Free amino acids and urea were analyzed in 78 human milk samples obtained during the first 5 wk of lactation from 10 mothers delivering at term. Significant... Extract: Free amino acids and urea were analyzed in 78 human milk samples obtained during the first 5 weeks of lactation from 10 mothers delivering at term.... |
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| SubjectTerms | ACIDE AMINE Amino Acids - analysis AMINOACIDOS CONTENIDO DE NUTRIENTES Female FEMME free amino acids Glutamates - analysis Glutamic Acid Human milk Humans LACTACION LACTATION LAIT HUMAIN LECHE HUMANA Milk, Human - analysis MUJERES Nitrogen - analysis nonprotein nitrogen Pregnancy TENEUR EN SUBSTANCES NUTRITIVES Time Factors urea Urea - analysis |
| Title | Human milk nonprotein nitrogen components: changing patterns of free amino acids and urea in the course of early lactation |
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