Preparation for interpersonal communication
This paper describes three methods used by engineers and scientists to enrich their understanding of a technical subject prior to an interpersonal communication. Professionals may: (a) store the information need in hopes of an accidental or working encounter with the required information (piggybacki...
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| Published in | Journal of the American Society for Information Science Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 3 - 10 |
|---|---|
| Main Author | |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington, D.C
Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company
01.01.1972
American Documentation Institute Wiley Periodicals Inc |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
| ISSN | 0002-8231 1097-4571 |
| DOI | 10.1002/asi.4630230104 |
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| Abstract | This paper describes three methods used by engineers and scientists to enrich their understanding of a technical subject prior to an interpersonal communication. Professionals may: (a) store the information need in hopes of an accidental or working encounter with the required information (piggybacking), and/or (b) verify and extend their background by contact with friendly associates (friendly consultation), and/or (c) review the literature of the field which is peripheral to their own (professional peripheration). Factors which determine the methods used are proposed: the opportunity cost of time, the extent to which similar needs have been encountered before, and the breadth of the user's (problem). Implications for the management of R & D organizations concern the provision of peripheral literature, the development of skills involved in consultation, and the clarification of the organization's technical goals. |
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| AbstractList | This paper describes three methods used by engineers and scientists to enrich their understanding of a technical subject prior to an interpersonal communication. Professionals may: (a) store the information need in hopes of an accidental or working encounter with the required information (piggybacking), and/or (b) verify and extend their background by contact with friendly associates (friendly consultation), and/or (c) review the literature of the field which is peripheral to their own (professional peripheration). Factors which determine the methods used are proposed: the opportunity cost of time, the extent to which similar needs have been encountered before, and the breadth of the user's (problem). Implications for the management of R & D organizations concern the provision of peripheral literature, the development of skills involved in consultation, and the clarification of the organization's technical goals. This paper describes three methods used by engineers and scientists to enrich their understanding of a tech nical subject prior to an interpersonal communication. Professionals may: (a) store the information need in hopes of an accidental or working encounter with the required information (piggybacking), and/or (b) verify and extend their background by contact with friendly associates (friendly consultation), and/or (c) review the literature of the field which is peripheral to their own (professional peripheration). Factors which determine the methods used are proposed: the opportunity cost of time, the extent to which similar needs have been encountered before, and the breadth of the user's problem). Implications for the management of R & D organizations concern the provision of peripheral literature, the development of skills involved in consultation, and the clarification of the organization's technical goals. |
| Author | Wolek, Francis W. |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1287/mnsc.4.3.218 10.21236/AD0642400 10.1366/000370258774615410 10.21236/AD0669586 10.1086/619185 10.2307/3101749 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 1972 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company Copyright Wiley Periodicals Inc. Jan/Feb 1972 |
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| DOI | 10.1002/asi.4630230104 |
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| References | March, J. G. and H. A. Simon, Organizations, New York; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1958. National Academy of Sciences, Scientific and Technical Communication, a report of the Committee on Scientific and Technical Communication, Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, 1969. Stigler, G. J., The Theory of Price, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1966. Ackoff, R. L., "Towards a Behavioral Theory of Communication," Management Science, Vol. 4 (1958), pp. 218-234. Price, D. J., "Is Technology Historically Independent of Science? A Study in Statistical Historiography," Technology and Culture, Vol. 6 (1965), pp. 553-568. Menzel, H., Formal and Informal Satisfaction of the Information Requirements of Chemists, a report to the National Science Foundation, New York: Columbia University, Bureau of Applied Social Research and New York University, Department of Sociology, June, 1970. Menzel, H., "The Information Needs of Current Scientific Research," Library Quarterly, Vol. 34 (1964), pp. 4-19. Graham, W. R., et al., Exploration of Oral/Informal Technical Communications Behavior, Silver Spring, Maryland: American Institutes for Research, Report No. R 67-8, 1967 (AD 669-586 ). National Academy of Sciences, Communication Systems and Resources in the Behavioral Sciences, a report of the Committee on Information in the Behavioral Sciences, Publication 1575, Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, 1967. Rosenbloom, R. S. and F. W. Wolek, Technology and Information Transfer, Boston: Division of Research of Harvard Graduate School of Business, 1970. Bradford, L. P., Gibb, J. R., and Benne, K. D., T-Group Theory and Laboratory Method, New York: John Wiley, 1964. Sherwin, C. W. and R. S. Isenson, First Interim Report on Project Hindsight, (Summary, revised October 13, 1966), Washington, D.C.: Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering. 1964 1970 1964; 34 1959; 1 1969 1958 1965; 6 1967 1958; 4 1966 Sherwin C. W. (e_1_2_1_5_2) 1966 National Academy of Sciences (e_1_2_1_3_2) 1967 Bernal J. D. (e_1_2_1_10_2) 1959 Rosenbloom R. S. (e_1_2_1_6_2) 1970 Graham W. R. (e_1_2_1_9_2) 1967 Stigler G. J. (e_1_2_1_13_2) 1966 Allen T. J. (e_1_2_1_7_2) 1970 Herner S. (e_1_2_1_4_2) 1959 e_1_2_1_12_2 National Academy of Sciences (e_1_2_1_2_2) 1969 e_1_2_1_16_2 e_1_2_1_14_2 Menzel H. (e_1_2_1_8_2) 1970 Menzel H. (e_1_2_1_11_2) 1959 e_1_2_1_17_2 Bradford L. P. (e_1_2_1_15_2) 1964 e_1_2_1_18_2 |
| References_xml | – reference: National Academy of Sciences, Communication Systems and Resources in the Behavioral Sciences, a report of the Committee on Information in the Behavioral Sciences, Publication 1575, Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, 1967. – reference: Ackoff, R. L., "Towards a Behavioral Theory of Communication," Management Science, Vol. 4 (1958), pp. 218-234. – reference: Rosenbloom, R. S. and F. W. Wolek, Technology and Information Transfer, Boston: Division of Research of Harvard Graduate School of Business, 1970. – reference: National Academy of Sciences, Scientific and Technical Communication, a report of the Committee on Scientific and Technical Communication, Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, 1969. – reference: Menzel, H., Formal and Informal Satisfaction of the Information Requirements of Chemists, a report to the National Science Foundation, New York: Columbia University, Bureau of Applied Social Research and New York University, Department of Sociology, June, 1970. – reference: Graham, W. R., et al., Exploration of Oral/Informal Technical Communications Behavior, Silver Spring, Maryland: American Institutes for Research, Report No. R 67-8, 1967 (AD 669-586 ). – reference: Price, D. J., "Is Technology Historically Independent of Science? A Study in Statistical Historiography," Technology and Culture, Vol. 6 (1965), pp. 553-568. – reference: Menzel, H., "The Information Needs of Current Scientific Research," Library Quarterly, Vol. 34 (1964), pp. 4-19. – reference: March, J. G. and H. A. Simon, Organizations, New York; John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1958. – reference: Bradford, L. P., Gibb, J. R., and Benne, K. D., T-Group Theory and Laboratory Method, New York: John Wiley, 1964. – reference: Sherwin, C. W. and R. S. Isenson, First Interim Report on Project Hindsight, (Summary, revised October 13, 1966), Washington, D.C.: Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering. – reference: Stigler, G. J., The Theory of Price, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1966. – start-page: 67 year: 1967 end-page: 8 – year: 1958 – year: 1964 – year: 1966 – volume: 34 start-page: 4 year: 1964 end-page: 19 article-title: The Information Needs of Current Scientific Research publication-title: Library Quarterly – year: 1967 – year: 1969 – start-page: 191 year: 1970 end-page: 208 – year: 1970 – volume: 1 start-page: 199 year: 1959 end-page: 243 – volume: 1 start-page: 277 year: 1959 end-page: 85 – volume: 4 start-page: 218 year: 1958 end-page: 234 article-title: Towards a Behavioral Theory of Communication publication-title: Management Science – volume: 1 start-page: 77 year: 1959 end-page: 95 – volume: 6 start-page: 553 year: 1965 end-page: 568 article-title: Is Technology Historically Independent of Science? A Study in Statistical Historiography publication-title: Technology and Culture – start-page: 199 volume-title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information year: 1959 ident: e_1_2_1_11_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_17_2 doi: 10.1287/mnsc.4.3.218 – start-page: 277 volume-title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information year: 1959 ident: e_1_2_1_4_2 – start-page: 77 volume-title: Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information year: 1959 ident: e_1_2_1_10_2 – volume-title: The Theory of Price year: 1966 ident: e_1_2_1_13_2 – volume-title: Scientific and Technical Communication year: 1969 ident: e_1_2_1_2_2 – volume-title: First Interim Report on Project Hindsight year: 1966 ident: e_1_2_1_5_2 doi: 10.21236/AD0642400 – ident: e_1_2_1_16_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_14_2 doi: 10.1366/000370258774615410 – start-page: 67 volume-title: Exploration of Oral/Informal Technical Communications Behavior year: 1967 ident: e_1_2_1_9_2 doi: 10.21236/AD0669586 – volume-title: Communication Systems and Resources in the Behavioral Sciences year: 1967 ident: e_1_2_1_3_2 – ident: e_1_2_1_18_2 doi: 10.1086/619185 – ident: e_1_2_1_12_2 doi: 10.2307/3101749 – volume-title: T‐Group Theory and Laboratory Method year: 1964 ident: e_1_2_1_15_2 – start-page: 191 volume-title: Communications Among Scientists and Technologists year: 1970 ident: e_1_2_1_7_2 – volume-title: Formal and Informal Satisfaction of the Information Requirements of Chemists, a report to the National Science Foundation year: 1970 ident: e_1_2_1_8_2 – volume-title: Technology and Information Transfer year: 1970 ident: e_1_2_1_6_2 |
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| Title | Preparation for interpersonal communication |
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