Association between High On-Aspirin Platelet Reactivity and Reduced Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Patients Affected by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus or Primary Hypercholesterolemia

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 21; no. 14; p. 4983
• Main Authors: Barale, Cristina, Cavalot, Franco, Frascaroli, Chiara, Bonomo, Katia, Morotti, Alessandro, Guerrasio, Angelo, Russo, Isabella
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 15.07.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Adenosine diphosphate; Aged; Aspirin; Aspirin - administration & dosage; Aspirin - therapeutic use; Biomarkers; Blood platelets; Blood Platelets - drug effects; Collagen; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - administration & dosage; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Female; Glucose; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia - complications; Hypercholesterolemia - metabolism; Inflammation; Laboratories; Male; Metabolism; Metabolites; Middle Aged; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Patients; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - administration & dosage; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism; Thrombosis - etiology; Thrombosis - metabolism; Thrombosis - prevention & control; Thromboxanes - metabolism; thromboxane; aspirin; platelet function analyzer-100; superoxide dismutase; oxidative stress; platelets
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144983
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596

Platelet hyperactivation is involved in the established prothrombotic condition of metabolic diseases such as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and familial hypercholesterolemia (HC), justifying the therapy with aspirin, a suppressor of thromboxane synthesis through the irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), to prevent cardiovascular diseases. However, some patients on aspirin show a higher than expected platelet reactivity due, at least in part, to a pro-oxidant milieu. The aim of this study was to investigate platelet reactivity in T2DM (n = 103) or HC (n = 61) patients (aspirin, 100 mg/day) and its correlation with biomarkers of redox function including the superoxide anion scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the in vivo marker of oxidative stress urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α. As results, in T2DM and HC subjects the prevalence of high on-aspirin platelet reactivity was comparable when both non-COX-1-dependent and COX-1-dependent assays were performed, and platelet reactivity is associated with a lower SOD activity that in a stepwise linear regression appears as the only predictor of platelet reactivity. To conclude, in T2DM and HC, similarly, the impairment of redox equilibrium associated with a decrease of SOD activity could contribute to a suboptimal response to aspirin.