Stratospheric ozone depletion in the Antarctic region triggers intense changes in sea salt aerosol geochemistry

• Published in: Communications earth & environment Vol. 4; no. 1; pp. 77 - 11
• Main Authors: Gonçalves Jr, Sérgio J., Evangelista, Heitor, Weis, Johannes, Harder, Tristan H., China, Swarup, Müller, Simon, Marques, Magdalena M., Magalhães Neto, Newton de, Passos, Heber R., Sampaio, Marcelo, Simões, Jefferson C., Ximenes de Oliveira, Bruno Vinícius, Yamamoto, Carlos I., Laskin, Alexander, Gilles, Mary K., Godoi, Ricardo H. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group 16.03.2023; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: Aerosols; Chlorine; Fine structure; Geochemistry; Holocene; Ice environments; Microparticles; Microscopy; Ozone; Ozone depletion; Polar environments; Radiation measurement; Salts; Scanning electron microscopy; Speciation; Spectroscopy; Stratosphere; Synchrotrons; Ultrastructure; Ultraviolet radiation; X ray absorption; X ray microscopy; Antarctica
• ISSN: 2662-4435; 2662-4435
• DOI: 10.1038/s43247-023-00739-z

Abstract Since the early 1980s, the Antarctic environment has served as a natural field laboratory for researchers to investigate the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, which has resulted in increased surface ultraviolet radiation levels. However, its effective threats still present gaps. We report new pieces of evidence of increased ultraviolet radiation impacting West Antarctica sea salt aerosols. Salt aerosols, particularly in the Southern Ocean Sea, play an important role in the radiative earth balance. To disclose the molecular details of sea salt aerosols, we used a synchrotron-based multi-element microscopic speciation of individual microparticles (Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy with Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy combined with Computer-Controlled Scanning Electron Microscopy). Here we identified substantial abundances of chlorine-enriched aerosols in sea salt generated by photolytic products, whereas ice core records revealed increased chlorine depletion from the onset of ozone depletion. Our findings reveal that modern sea salt modification has no Holocene precedent.