Lead halide–templated crystallization of methylamine-free perovskite for efficient photovoltaic modules
Although formamidinium-based lead iodide (PbI 2 ) perovskites have a favorable bandgap and good thermal stability, the difficulty in controlling nucleation makes it difficult to grow high-quality, large-area films compared with methylammonium counterparts. Bu et al. show that adding N -methyl-2-pyrr...
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| Published in | Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Vol. 372; no. 6548; pp. 1327 - 1332 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
Washington
The American Association for the Advancement of Science
18.06.2021
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Although formamidinium-based lead iodide (PbI
2
) perovskites have a favorable bandgap and good thermal stability, the difficulty in controlling nucleation makes it difficult to grow high-quality, large-area films compared with methylammonium counterparts. Bu
et al.
show that adding
N
-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to the perovskite precursors forms an adduct with PbI
2
that promotes the formation of the desired black α-phase at room temperature. The addition of potassium hexafluorophosphate eliminated hysteresis by passivating interfacial defects and promoted long-term thermal stability at 85°C in unencapsulated devices. Large-area modules (17 square centimeters) achieved power conversion efficiencies of 20.4%.
Science
, abh1035, this issue p.
1327
Added
N
-methylpyrrolidone inhibits nucleation and enables growth of large-area α-phase formamidinium-based perovskite films.
Upscaling efficient and stable perovskite layers is one of the most challenging issues in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a lead halide–templated crystallization strategy is developed for printing formamidinium (FA)–cesium (Cs) lead triiodide perovskite films. High-quality large-area films are achieved through controlled nucleation and growth of a lead halide•
N
-methyl-2-pyrrolidone adduct that can react in situ with embedded FAI/CsI to directly form α-phase perovskite, sidestepping the phase transformation from δ-phase. A nonencapsulated device with 23% efficiency and excellent long-term thermal stability (at 85°C) in ambient air (~80% efficiency retention after 500 hours) is achieved with further addition of potassium hexafluorophosphate. The slot die–printed minimodules achieve champion efficiencies of 20.42% (certified efficiency 19.3%) and 19.54% with an active area of 17.1 and 65.0 square centimeters, respectively. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Although formamidinium-based lead iodide (PbI
2
) perovskites have a favorable bandgap and good thermal stability, the difficulty in controlling nucleation makes it difficult to grow high-quality, large-area films compared with methylammonium counterparts. Bu
et al.
show that adding
N
-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to the perovskite precursors forms an adduct with PbI
2
that promotes the formation of the desired black α-phase at room temperature. The addition of potassium hexafluorophosphate eliminated hysteresis by passivating interfacial defects and promoted long-term thermal stability at 85°C in unencapsulated devices. Large-area modules (17 square centimeters) achieved power conversion efficiencies of 20.4%.
Science
, abh1035, this issue p.
1327
Added
N
-methylpyrrolidone inhibits nucleation and enables growth of large-area α-phase formamidinium-based perovskite films.
Upscaling efficient and stable perovskite layers is one of the most challenging issues in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a lead halide–templated crystallization strategy is developed for printing formamidinium (FA)–cesium (Cs) lead triiodide perovskite films. High-quality large-area films are achieved through controlled nucleation and growth of a lead halide•
N
-methyl-2-pyrrolidone adduct that can react in situ with embedded FAI/CsI to directly form α-phase perovskite, sidestepping the phase transformation from δ-phase. A nonencapsulated device with 23% efficiency and excellent long-term thermal stability (at 85°C) in ambient air (~80% efficiency retention after 500 hours) is achieved with further addition of potassium hexafluorophosphate. The slot die–printed minimodules achieve champion efficiencies of 20.42% (certified efficiency 19.3%) and 19.54% with an active area of 17.1 and 65.0 square centimeters, respectively. Upscaling efficient and stable perovskite layers is one of the most challenging issues in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a lead halide-templated crystallization strategy is developed for printing formamidinium (FA)-cesium (Cs) lead triiodide perovskite films. High-quality large-area films are achieved through controlled nucleation and growth of a lead halide•N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone adduct that can react in situ with embedded FAI/CsI to directly form α-phase perovskite, sidestepping the phase transformation from δ-phase. A nonencapsulated device with 23% efficiency and excellent long-term thermal stability (at 85°C) in ambient air (~80% efficiency retention after 500 hours) is achieved with further addition of potassium hexafluorophosphate. The slot die-printed minimodules achieve champion efficiencies of 20.42% (certified efficiency 19.3%) and 19.54% with an active area of 17.1 and 65.0 square centimeters, respectively.Upscaling efficient and stable perovskite layers is one of the most challenging issues in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a lead halide-templated crystallization strategy is developed for printing formamidinium (FA)-cesium (Cs) lead triiodide perovskite films. High-quality large-area films are achieved through controlled nucleation and growth of a lead halide•N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone adduct that can react in situ with embedded FAI/CsI to directly form α-phase perovskite, sidestepping the phase transformation from δ-phase. A nonencapsulated device with 23% efficiency and excellent long-term thermal stability (at 85°C) in ambient air (~80% efficiency retention after 500 hours) is achieved with further addition of potassium hexafluorophosphate. The slot die-printed minimodules achieve champion efficiencies of 20.42% (certified efficiency 19.3%) and 19.54% with an active area of 17.1 and 65.0 square centimeters, respectively. Suppressing nucleation over large areasAlthough formamidinium-based lead iodide (PbI2) perovskites have a favorable bandgap and good thermal stability, the difficulty in controlling nucleation makes it difficult to grow high-quality, large-area films compared with methylammonium counterparts. Bu et al. show that adding N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to the perovskite precursors forms an adduct with PbI2 that promotes the formation of the desired black α-phase at room temperature. The addition of potassium hexafluorophosphate eliminated hysteresis by passivating interfacial defects and promoted long-term thermal stability at 85°C in unencapsulated devices. Large-area modules (17 square centimeters) achieved power conversion efficiencies of 20.4%.Science, abh1035, this issue p. 1327Upscaling efficient and stable perovskite layers is one of the most challenging issues in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a lead halide–templated crystallization strategy is developed for printing formamidinium (FA)–cesium (Cs) lead triiodide perovskite films. High-quality large-area films are achieved through controlled nucleation and growth of a lead halide•N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone adduct that can react in situ with embedded FAI/CsI to directly form α-phase perovskite, sidestepping the phase transformation from δ-phase. A nonencapsulated device with 23% efficiency and excellent long-term thermal stability (at 85°C) in ambient air (~80% efficiency retention after 500 hours) is achieved with further addition of potassium hexafluorophosphate. The slot die–printed minimodules achieve champion efficiencies of 20.42% (certified efficiency 19.3%) and 19.54% with an active area of 17.1 and 65.0 square centimeters, respectively. |
| Author | Lin, Zhipeng Bu, Tongle Huang, Fuzhi Li, Jing Li, Hengyi Huang, Wenchao Zhang, Xiao-Li Chang, Jingjing Wang, Chao Zhong, Jie Tian, Congcong Su, Jie Cheng, Yi-Bing Ono, Luis K. Lu, Jianfeng Qi, Yabing Tong, Guoqing Chai, Nianyao |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Tongle orcidid: 0000-0002-7309-9422 surname: Bu fullname: Bu, Tongle organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China., Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan 528216, PR China., Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 904-0495, Japan – sequence: 2 givenname: Jing surname: Li fullname: Li, Jing organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China – sequence: 3 givenname: Hengyi surname: Li fullname: Li, Hengyi organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China – sequence: 4 givenname: Congcong surname: Tian fullname: Tian, Congcong organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China – sequence: 5 givenname: Jie orcidid: 0000-0002-2132-1597 surname: Su fullname: Su, Jie organization: Xidian University, School of Microelectronics, State Key Discipline Lab of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Lab of Graphene, Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xian 710071, PR China – sequence: 6 givenname: Guoqing orcidid: 0000-0002-9689-6061 surname: Tong fullname: Tong, Guoqing organization: Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 904-0495, Japan – sequence: 7 givenname: Luis K. orcidid: 0000-0003-3176-1876 surname: Ono fullname: Ono, Luis K. organization: Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 904-0495, Japan – sequence: 8 givenname: Chao surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Chao organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China – sequence: 9 givenname: Zhipeng surname: Lin fullname: Lin, Zhipeng organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China – sequence: 10 givenname: Nianyao orcidid: 0000-0002-5492-8985 surname: Chai fullname: Chai, Nianyao organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China – sequence: 11 givenname: Xiao-Li orcidid: 0000-0002-4226-7622 surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Xiao-Li organization: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China – sequence: 12 givenname: Jingjing orcidid: 0000-0003-3773-182X surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Jingjing organization: Xidian University, School of Microelectronics, State Key Discipline Lab of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, Shaanxi Joint Key Lab of Graphene, Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xian 710071, PR China – sequence: 13 givenname: Jianfeng orcidid: 0000-0001-5586-4656 surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Jianfeng organization: Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan 528216, PR China., State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China – sequence: 14 givenname: Jie orcidid: 0000-0003-4967-6987 surname: Zhong fullname: Zhong, Jie organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China., Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan 528216, PR China – sequence: 15 givenname: Wenchao orcidid: 0000-0003-4992-1727 surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Wenchao organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China – sequence: 16 givenname: Yabing orcidid: 0000-0002-4876-8049 surname: Qi fullname: Qi, Yabing organization: Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSSU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa 904-0495, Japan – sequence: 17 givenname: Yi-Bing orcidid: 0000-0003-0604-1965 surname: Cheng fullname: Cheng, Yi-Bing organization: Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan 528216, PR China – sequence: 18 givenname: Fuzhi orcidid: 0000-0002-8635-9262 surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Fuzhi organization: State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China., Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan 528216, PR China |
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| Snippet | Although formamidinium-based lead iodide (PbI
2
) perovskites have a favorable bandgap and good thermal stability, the difficulty in controlling nucleation... Suppressing nucleation over large areasAlthough formamidinium-based lead iodide (PbI2) perovskites have a favorable bandgap and good thermal stability, the... Upscaling efficient and stable perovskite layers is one of the most challenging issues in the commercialization of perovskite solar cells. Here, a lead... |
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| SubjectTerms | Cesium Commercialization Control stability Crystal defects Crystallization Efficiency Energy conversion efficiency Interface stability Iodides Lead Lead compounds Metal halides Methylamine Modules N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone Nucleation Perovskites Phase transitions Photovoltaic cells Photovoltaics Potassium Room temperature Solar cells Thermal stability |
| Title | Lead halide–templated crystallization of methylamine-free perovskite for efficient photovoltaic modules |
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