Analysis of patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) based depression prevalence according to a discordance between quantitative urinary cotinine levels and self-report of second-hand smoke exposure among adults: A cross-sectional study

• Published in: Heliyon Vol. 10; no. 11; p. e32125
• Main Authors: Lee, Hyun-Seung, Lee, Young-Jin, Cho, Ji-Hyun, Park, Do-Sim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 15.06.2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: Cotinine; Depression; PHQ-9; Second-hand smoke; Self-report; Stress; Depression; Cotinine; PHQ-9; Self-report; Stress; Second-hand smoke

Second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure appears to be more common among individuals with depression. However, self-report of SHS exposure is an inaccurate classification compared to confirming SHS exposure using urinary cotinine (UC). Additionally, the dose-response relationship between depression and UC i...