Differences in Hypertension Prevalence and Hypertension Control by Urbanization Among Adults in the United States, 2013–2018
Abstract Background To examine the associations between urbanization and hypertension, stage II hypertension, and hypertension control. Methods Data on 16,360 US adults aged 18 years or older from the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to estimate the preva...
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Published in | American journal of hypertension Vol. 35; no. 1; pp. 31 - 41 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
US
Oxford University Press
05.01.2022
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Abstract | Abstract
Background
To examine the associations between urbanization and hypertension, stage II hypertension, and hypertension control.
Methods
Data on 16,360 US adults aged 18 years or older from the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to estimate the prevalence of hypertension (blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mm Hg or use of medication for hypertension), stage II hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg), and hypertension control (BP <130/80 mm Hg among hypertensives) by urbanization, classified by levels of metropolitan statistical areas as large MSAs (population ≥1,000,000), medium to small MSAs (population 50,000–999,999), and non-MSAs (population <50,000).
Results
All prevalence ratios (PRs) were compared with large MSAs and adjusted for demographics and risk factors. The PRs of hypertension were 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99–1.14) for adults residing in medium to small MSAs and 1.06 (95% CI = 0.99–1.13) for adults residing in non-MSAs. For stage II hypertension, the PRs were higher for adults residing in medium to small MSAs 1.21 (95% CI = 1.06–1.36) but not for adults residing in non-MSAs 1.06 (95% CI = 0.88–1.29). For hypertension control, the PRs were 0.96 (95% CI = 0.91–1.01) for adults residing in medium to small MSAs and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.93–1.06) for adults residing in non-MSAs.
Conclusions
Among US adults, urbanization was associated with stage II hypertension.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract |
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AbstractList | To examine the associations between urbanization and hypertension, stage II hypertension, and hypertension control.
Data on 16,360 US adults aged 18 years or older from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to estimate the prevalence of hypertension (blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mm Hg or use of medication for hypertension), stage II hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg), and hypertension control (BP <130/80 mm Hg among hypertensives) by urbanization, classified by levels of metropolitan statistical areas as large MSAs (population ≥1,000,000), medium to small MSAs (population 50,000-999,999), and non-MSAs (population <50,000).
All prevalence ratios (PRs) were compared with large MSAs and adjusted for demographics and risk factors. The PRs of hypertension were 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99-1.14) for adults residing in medium to small MSAs and 1.06 (95% CI = 0.99-1.13) for adults residing in non-MSAs. For stage II hypertension, the PRs were higher for adults residing in medium to small MSAs 1.21 (95% CI = 1.06-1.36) but not for adults residing in non-MSAs 1.06 (95% CI = 0.88-1.29). For hypertension control, the PRs were 0.96 (95% CI = 0.91-1.01) for adults residing in medium to small MSAs and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.93-1.06) for adults residing in non-MSAs.
Among US adults, urbanization was associated with stage II hypertension. BACKGROUNDTo examine the associations between urbanization and hypertension, stage II hypertension, and hypertension control. METHODSData on 16,360 US adults aged 18 years or older from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to estimate the prevalence of hypertension (blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mm Hg or use of medication for hypertension), stage II hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg), and hypertension control (BP <130/80 mm Hg among hypertensives) by urbanization, classified by levels of metropolitan statistical areas as large MSAs (population ≥1,000,000), medium to small MSAs (population 50,000-999,999), and non-MSAs (population <50,000). RESULTSAll prevalence ratios (PRs) were compared with large MSAs and adjusted for demographics and risk factors. The PRs of hypertension were 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99-1.14) for adults residing in medium to small MSAs and 1.06 (95% CI = 0.99-1.13) for adults residing in non-MSAs. For stage II hypertension, the PRs were higher for adults residing in medium to small MSAs 1.21 (95% CI = 1.06-1.36) but not for adults residing in non-MSAs 1.06 (95% CI = 0.88-1.29). For hypertension control, the PRs were 0.96 (95% CI = 0.91-1.01) for adults residing in medium to small MSAs and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.93-1.06) for adults residing in non-MSAs. CONCLUSIONSAmong US adults, urbanization was associated with stage II hypertension. Abstract Background To examine the associations between urbanization and hypertension, stage II hypertension, and hypertension control. Methods Data on 16,360 US adults aged 18 years or older from the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to estimate the prevalence of hypertension (blood pressure (BP) ≥130/80 mm Hg or use of medication for hypertension), stage II hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg), and hypertension control (BP <130/80 mm Hg among hypertensives) by urbanization, classified by levels of metropolitan statistical areas as large MSAs (population ≥1,000,000), medium to small MSAs (population 50,000–999,999), and non-MSAs (population <50,000). Results All prevalence ratios (PRs) were compared with large MSAs and adjusted for demographics and risk factors. The PRs of hypertension were 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.99–1.14) for adults residing in medium to small MSAs and 1.06 (95% CI = 0.99–1.13) for adults residing in non-MSAs. For stage II hypertension, the PRs were higher for adults residing in medium to small MSAs 1.21 (95% CI = 1.06–1.36) but not for adults residing in non-MSAs 1.06 (95% CI = 0.88–1.29). For hypertension control, the PRs were 0.96 (95% CI = 0.91–1.01) for adults residing in medium to small MSAs and 1.00 (95% CI = 0.93–1.06) for adults residing in non-MSAs. Conclusions Among US adults, urbanization was associated with stage II hypertension. Graphical Abstract Graphical Abstract |
Author | Zhang, Guangyu Graber, Jessica Ostchega, Yechiam Hughes, Jeffery P Nwankwo, Tatiana Nguyen, Duong T |
AuthorAffiliation | 1 Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA 2 Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA 3 United States Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA |
AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 2 Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA – name: 3 United States Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland, USA – name: 1 Division of Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Maryland, USA |
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Snippet | Abstract
Background
To examine the associations between urbanization and hypertension, stage II hypertension, and hypertension control.
Methods
Data on 16,360... To examine the associations between urbanization and hypertension, stage II hypertension, and hypertension control. Data on 16,360 US adults aged 18 years or... BACKGROUNDTo examine the associations between urbanization and hypertension, stage II hypertension, and hypertension control. METHODSData on 16,360 US adults... |
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SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Blood Pressure Humans Hypertension - diagnosis Hypertension - drug therapy Hypertension - epidemiology Nutrition Surveys Prevalence Risk Factors United States - epidemiology Urbanization |
Title | Differences in Hypertension Prevalence and Hypertension Control by Urbanization Among Adults in the United States, 2013–2018 |
URI | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33909014 https://search.proquest.com/docview/2519310642 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8897826 |
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