Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage and Autoimmune Diseases: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Disease Susceptibility and Phenotype

The role of infective agents in autoimmune diseases (ADs) development has been historically investigated, but in the last years has been strongly reconsidered due to the interest in the link between the microbiome and ADs. Together with the gut, the skin microbiome is characterized by the presence o...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 22; p. 5624
Main Authors Ceccarelli, Fulvia, Perricone, Carlo, Olivieri, Giulio, Cipriano, Enrica, Spinelli, Francesca, Valesini, Guido, Conti, Fabrizio
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 11.11.2019
MDPI
Subjects
Animals
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Autoimmune Diseases - microbiology
Chemokines
Cytokines
Disease
Humans
Immune system
Lupus
Lymphocytes
Microorganisms
Mortality
Nasal Mucosa - immunology
Nasal Mucosa - microbiology
Pathogenesis
Penicillin
Peptides
Phenotype
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis
Skin
Staphylococcal Infections - immunology
Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology
Staphylococcus aureus - immunology
Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity
Staphylococcus infections
autoimmune diseases
phenotype
pathogenesis
colonization
Staphylococcus aureus
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI10.3390/ijms20225624

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Abstract The role of infective agents in autoimmune diseases (ADs) development has been historically investigated, but in the last years has been strongly reconsidered due to the interest in the link between the microbiome and ADs. Together with the gut, the skin microbiome is characterized by the presence of several microorganisms, potentially influencing innate and adaptive immune response. S. aureus is one of the most important components of the skin microbiome that can colonize anterior nares without clinical manifestations. Data from the literature demonstrates a significantly higher prevalence of nasal colonization in ADs patients in comparison with healthy subjects, suggesting a possible role in terms of disease development and phenotypes. Thus, in the present narrative review we focused on the mechanisms by which S. aureus could influence the immune response and on its relationship with ADs, in particular granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
AbstractList The role of infective agents in autoimmune diseases (ADs) development has been historically investigated, but in the last years has been strongly reconsidered due to the interest in the link between the microbiome and ADs. Together with the gut, the skin microbiome is characterized by the presence of several microorganisms, potentially influencing innate and adaptive immune response. S. aureus is one of the most important components of the skin microbiome that can colonize anterior nares without clinical manifestations. Data from the literature demonstrates a significantly higher prevalence of nasal colonization in ADs patients in comparison with healthy subjects, suggesting a possible role in terms of disease development and phenotypes. Thus, in the present narrative review we focused on the mechanisms by which S. aureus could influence the immune response and on its relationship with ADs, in particular granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
The role of infective agents in autoimmune diseases (ADs) development has been historically investigated, but in the last years has been strongly reconsidered due to the interest in the link between the microbiome and ADs. Together with the gut, the skin microbiome is characterized by the presence of several microorganisms, potentially influencing innate and adaptive immune response. S. aureus is one of the most important components of the skin microbiome that can colonize anterior nares without clinical manifestations. Data from the literature demonstrates a significantly higher prevalence of nasal colonization in ADs patients in comparison with healthy subjects, suggesting a possible role in terms of disease development and phenotypes. Thus, in the present narrative review we focused on the mechanisms by which S. aureus could influence the immune response and on its relationship with ADs, in particular granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
The role of infective agents in autoimmune diseases (ADs) development has been historically investigated, but in the last years has been strongly reconsidered due to the interest in the link between the microbiome and ADs. Together with the gut, the skin microbiome is characterized by the presence of several microorganisms, potentially influencing innate and adaptive immune response. is one of the most important components of the skin microbiome that can colonize anterior nares without clinical manifestations. Data from the literature demonstrates a significantly higher prevalence of nasal colonization in ADs patients in comparison with healthy subjects, suggesting a possible role in terms of disease development and phenotypes. Thus, in the present narrative review we focused on the mechanisms by which could influence the immune response and on its relationship with ADs, in particular granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
The role of infective agents in autoimmune diseases (ADs) development has been historically investigated, but in the last years has been strongly reconsidered due to the interest in the link between the microbiome and ADs. Together with the gut, the skin microbiome is characterized by the presence of several microorganisms, potentially influencing innate and adaptive immune response. S. aureus is one of the most important components of the skin microbiome that can colonize anterior nares without clinical manifestations. Data from the literature demonstrates a significantly higher prevalence of nasal colonization in ADs patients in comparison with healthy subjects, suggesting a possible role in terms of disease development and phenotypes. Thus, in the present narrative review we focused on the mechanisms by which S. aureus could influence the immune response and on its relationship with ADs, in particular granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.The role of infective agents in autoimmune diseases (ADs) development has been historically investigated, but in the last years has been strongly reconsidered due to the interest in the link between the microbiome and ADs. Together with the gut, the skin microbiome is characterized by the presence of several microorganisms, potentially influencing innate and adaptive immune response. S. aureus is one of the most important components of the skin microbiome that can colonize anterior nares without clinical manifestations. Data from the literature demonstrates a significantly higher prevalence of nasal colonization in ADs patients in comparison with healthy subjects, suggesting a possible role in terms of disease development and phenotypes. Thus, in the present narrative review we focused on the mechanisms by which S. aureus could influence the immune response and on its relationship with ADs, in particular granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
Many of these microorganisms are harmless or even beneficial to their host, protecting it from invasion by more pathogenic or harmful organisms [13]. [...]these different microbial communities could create specific ecological niches, helping in disease prevention or, conversely, contributing to disease development [13]. [...]these exotoxins could modulate the host immune system during S. aureus infection [21]. T cell superantigens (SAgs) represent the largest family produced by S. aureus, with strong resistance to proteolysis [22]. [...]biofilms are crucial for the colonization of medical devices—such as prothesis or catheters—and contributes to S. aureus spread into hospital settings, also fostering the resistance to antimicrobial therapy [23].
Author Spinelli, Francesca
Conti, Fabrizio
Ceccarelli, Fulvia
Cipriano, Enrica
Valesini, Guido
Perricone, Carlo
Olivieri, Giulio
AuthorAffiliation Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy; carlo.perricone@gmail.com (C.P.); giulio.olivieri19@gmail.com (G.O.); enrica.cipriano@gmail.com (E.C.); francescaromana.spinelli@uniroma1.it (F.R.S.); guido.valesini@uniroma1.it (G.V.); fabrizio.conti@uniroma1.it (F.C.)
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: Lupus Clinic, Rheumatology, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy; carlo.perricone@gmail.com (C.P.); giulio.olivieri19@gmail.com (G.O.); enrica.cipriano@gmail.com (E.C.); francescaromana.spinelli@uniroma1.it (F.R.S.); guido.valesini@uniroma1.it (G.V.); fabrizio.conti@uniroma1.it (F.C.)
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  surname: Conti
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Keywords autoimmune diseases
phenotype
pathogenesis
colonization
Staphylococcus aureus
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Snippet The role of infective agents in autoimmune diseases (ADs) development has been historically investigated, but in the last years has been strongly reconsidered...
Many of these microorganisms are harmless or even beneficial to their host, protecting it from invasion by more pathogenic or harmful organisms [13]....
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StartPage 5624
SubjectTerms Animals
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Autoimmune Diseases - microbiology
Chemokines
Cytokines
Disease
Humans
Immune system
Lupus
Lymphocytes
Microorganisms
Mortality
Nasal Mucosa - immunology
Nasal Mucosa - microbiology
Pathogenesis
Penicillin
Peptides
Phenotype
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis
Skin
Staphylococcal Infections - immunology
Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology
Staphylococcus aureus - immunology
Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity
Staphylococcus infections
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Title Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage and Autoimmune Diseases: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Disease Susceptibility and Phenotype
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Volume 20
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