Validation of a poultry biosecurity survey
A questionnaire for farm managers was designed, to obtain information regarding biosecurity on Ontario commercial broiler chicken and turkey operations, and then pre-tested. The questions that could be validated were verifiable by seeing the facility, by using farm records or by interviewing technic...
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Published in | Preventive veterinary medicine Vol. 31; no. 1; pp. 73 - 86 |
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Main Authors | , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Netherlands
Elsevier B.V
01.07.1997
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Abstract | A questionnaire for farm managers was designed, to obtain information regarding biosecurity on Ontario commercial broiler chicken and turkey operations, and then pre-tested. The questions that could be validated were verifiable by seeing the facility, by using farm records or by interviewing technical personnel other than the survey respondent. The survey was validated using a convenience sample of 24 farms from two companies. For 15 questions with dichotomous responses, the sensitivity ranged from 16.7 to 100%; the specificity ranged from 0 to 100%. For example, fences and gates seen during the farm visit were not accurately reported on the survey (poor sensitivity). Chance-corrected agreement was low (
κ < 0.4) for 34 questions, fair to good (0.4 <
κ < 0.8) for 25 questions, and excellent (
κ ⪢ 0.8) for seven questions. The percent agreement for questions where only one of the possible options was observed on validation ranged from 60.9 to 100%. Five questions with continuous numeric variables were analysed. A difference was observed (
P < 0.1) between the survey and validation data for three questions regarding the number of birds, the bird sources and the downtime between flocks. In spite of pre-testing, the lack of clear wording and the absence of definitions for technical terms appeared to reduce validity. Response bias seems to be an issue with biosecurity surveys. The value of validating questionnaires before their use in epidemiologic research is confirmed. |
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AbstractList | A questionnaire for farm managers was designed, to obtain information regarding biosecurity on Ontario commercial broiler chicken and turkey operations, and then pre-tested. The questions that could be validated were verifiable by seeing the facility, by using farm records or by interviewing technical personnel other than the survey respondent. The survey was validated using a convenience sample of 24 farms from two companies. For 15 questions with dichotomous responses, the sensitivity ranged from 16.7 to 100%; the specificity ranged from 0 to 100%. For example, fences and gates seen during the farm visit were not accurately reported on the survey (poor sensitivity). Chance-corrected agreement was low (
κ < 0.4) for 34 questions, fair to good (0.4 <
κ < 0.8) for 25 questions, and excellent (
κ ⪢ 0.8) for seven questions. The percent agreement for questions where only one of the possible options was observed on validation ranged from 60.9 to 100%. Five questions with continuous numeric variables were analysed. A difference was observed (
P < 0.1) between the survey and validation data for three questions regarding the number of birds, the bird sources and the downtime between flocks. In spite of pre-testing, the lack of clear wording and the absence of definitions for technical terms appeared to reduce validity. Response bias seems to be an issue with biosecurity surveys. The value of validating questionnaires before their use in epidemiologic research is confirmed. A questionnaire for farm managers was designed, to obtain information regarding biosecurity on Ontario commercial broiler chicken and turkey operations, and then pre-tested. The questions that could be validated were verifiable by seeing the facility, by using farm records or by interviewing technical personnel other than the survey respondent. The survey was validated using a convenience sample of 24 farms from two companies. For 15 questions with dichotomous responses, the sensitivity ranged from 16.7 to 100%; the specificity ranged from 0 to 100%. For example, fences and gates seen during the farm visit were not accurately reported on the survey (poor sensitivity). Chance-corrected agreement was low (kappa < 0.4) for 34 questions, fair to good (0.4 < kappa < 0.8) for 25 questions, and excellent (kappa > 0.8) for seven questions. The percent agreement for questions where only one of the possible options was observed on validation ranged from 60.9 to 100%. Five questions with continuous numeric variables were analysed. A difference was observed (P < 0.1) between the survey and validation data for three questions regarding the number of birds, the bird sources and the downtime between flocks. In spite of pre-testing, the lack of clear wording and the absence of definitions for technical terms appeared to reduce validity. Response bias seems to be an issue with biosecurity surveys. The value of validating questionnaires before their use in epidemiologic research is confirmed. |
Author | Nespeca, Rita Morrow, W.E.Morgan Vaillancourt, Jean-Pierre |
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References_xml | – volume: 31 start-page: 339 year: 1987 end-page: 344 ident: BIB5 article-title: Evaluation of biosecurity in broiler breeders publication-title: Avian Diseases contributor: fullname: Weigler – start-page: 248 year: 1987 end-page: 255 ident: BIB9 article-title: Veterinary epidemiology. Principles and methods contributor: fullname: Willeberg – start-page: 226 year: 1995 ident: BIB16 article-title: Health Measurement Scales; a practical guide to their development and use contributor: fullname: Norman – volume: Volume 1 start-page: 943 year: 1989 ident: BIB11 publication-title: SAS/STAT contributor: fullname: SAS Institute Inc – start-page: 151 year: 1990 end-page: 158 ident: BIB3 article-title: Surveys and questionnaires design, conduct and analysis publication-title: Epidemiology for veterinarians, Refresher course contributor: fullname: Edwards – volume: 33 start-page: 159 year: 1977 end-page: 174 ident: BIB7 article-title: The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data publication-title: Biometrics contributor: fullname: Koch – start-page: 11 year: 1989 ident: BIB6 article-title: Effective broiler clean out and disinfection contributor: fullname: French – volume: 16 start-page: 58 year: 1993 end-page: 60 ident: BIB12 article-title: Preventing erosive diseases in broiler parents publication-title: Zootecnica International contributor: fullname: Shane – start-page: 359 year: 1980 end-page: 397 ident: BIB8 article-title: Sampling for health professionals contributor: fullname: Lemeshow – volume: 136 start-page: 699 year: 1987 end-page: 700 ident: BIB2 article-title: Questionnaire development: 2. Validity and reliability publication-title: Can. Med. Assoc. J. contributor: fullname: McCarthy – volume: 26 start-page: 46 year: 1987 end-page: 48 ident: BIB15 article-title: ABUS [Attitude, Biosecurity, Uniformity, Surveillance] systems approach to preventive medicine publication-title: Poultry International contributor: fullname: Stewart – start-page: 93 year: 1996 end-page: 95 ident: BIB13 article-title: Statistical methods for health sciences contributor: fullname: Edge – start-page: 88 year: 1995 ident: BIB17 article-title: Hepatitis liver haemorrhagic syndrome in commercial laying hens publication-title: MSc thesis contributor: fullname: Tablante – start-page: 9 year: 1989 ident: BIB1 article-title: Biosecurity for poultry: lock diseases out contributor: fullname: Brunet – start-page: 244 year: 1966 ident: BIB10 article-title: Questionnaire design and attitude measurement contributor: fullname: Oppenheim – start-page: 211 year: 1995 ident: BIB4 article-title: An epidemiologic study of cellulitis in broiler chickens in Southern Ontario publication-title: PhD thesis contributor: fullname: Elfadil – start-page: 9 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB1 article-title: Biosecurity for poultry: lock diseases out contributor: fullname: Brunet – start-page: 93 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB13 article-title: Statistical methods for health sciences contributor: fullname: Shoukri – volume: Volume 1 start-page: 943 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB11 contributor: fullname: SAS Institute Inc – volume: 26 start-page: 50 issue: 3 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB15_2 article-title: ABUS [Attitude, Biosecurity, Uniformity, Surveillance] systems approach to preventive medicine publication-title: Poultry International contributor: fullname: Stewart – start-page: 11 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB6 article-title: Effective broiler clean out and disinfection contributor: fullname: Lacy – start-page: 248 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB9 article-title: Veterinary epidemiology. Principles and methods contributor: fullname: Martin – start-page: 151 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB3 article-title: Surveys and questionnaires design, conduct and analysis contributor: fullname: Edwards – start-page: 88 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB17 article-title: Hepatitis liver haemorrhagic syndrome in commercial laying hens publication-title: MSc thesis contributor: fullname: Tablante – volume: 33 start-page: 159 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB7 article-title: The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data publication-title: Biometrics doi: 10.2307/2529310 contributor: fullname: Landis – start-page: 244 year: 1966 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB10 article-title: Questionnaire design and attitude measurement contributor: fullname: Oppenheim – volume: 136 start-page: 699 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB2 article-title: Questionnaire development: 2. Validity and reliability publication-title: Can. Med. Assoc. J. contributor: fullname: DelGreco – volume: 26 start-page: 46 issue: 3 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB15_1 article-title: ABUS [Attitude, Biosecurity, Uniformity, Surveillance] systems approach to preventive medicine publication-title: Poultry International contributor: fullname: Stewart – start-page: 211 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB4 article-title: An epidemiologic study of cellulitis in broiler chickens in Southern Ontario publication-title: PhD thesis contributor: fullname: Elfadil – start-page: 226 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB16 article-title: Health Measurement Scales; a practical guide to their development and use contributor: fullname: Streiner – ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB14 doi: 10.1002/sim.4780140109 – volume: 31 start-page: 339 issue: 2 year: 1987 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB5 article-title: Evaluation of biosecurity in broiler breeders publication-title: Avian Diseases doi: 10.2307/1590882 contributor: fullname: Gifford – start-page: 359 year: 1980 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB8 article-title: Sampling for health professionals contributor: fullname: Levy – volume: 16 start-page: 58 issue: 5 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0167-5877(96)01122-1_BIB12 article-title: Preventing erosive diseases in broiler parents publication-title: Zootecnica International contributor: fullname: Shane |
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SubjectTerms | Animal Husbandry - methods Animal Husbandry - standards Animals Biosecurity Chickens - physiology Data Collection - standards Guidelines as Topic Models, Statistical Poultry Poultry Products Questionnaire Reproducibility of Results Safety Management - standards Security Measures - standards Sensitivity and Specificity Surveys and Questionnaires Turkeys - physiology Validation |
Title | Validation of a poultry biosecurity survey |
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