Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Cutoff Values for Doxycycline in Pigs to Support the Establishment of Clinical Breakpoints for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

• Published in: Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics Vol. 48; no. 4; pp. 300 - 317
• Main Authors: Toutain, Pierre‐Louis, Bousquet‐Melou, Alain, Ferran, Aude A., Roques, Béatrice B., Castillo, Jérôme R. E., Lees, Peter, Croubels, Siska, Bousquet, Eric, Pelligand, Ludovic
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Wiley-Blackwell 01.07.2025; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Biological Availability; doxycycline; Doxycycline - administration & dosage; Doxycycline - blood; Doxycycline - pharmacokinetics; Doxycycline - pharmacology; Half-Life; Life Sciences; Microbial Sensitivity Tests - veterinary; Models, Biological; Original; Pharmaceutical sciences; pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology; pigs; PK/PD cutoff; Swine - blood; Swine - metabolism; Antimicrobial susceptibility testing; pharmacokinetics; pigs; doxycycline; PK/PD cutoff
• ISSN: 0140-7783; 1365-2885; 1365-2885
• DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13511

ABSTRACT This meta‐analysis provides a population model of doxycycline (DOXY) disposition in pigs for computation of PK/PD cutoff values corresponding to differing modalities of DOXY administration orally in pigs. This analysis enables establishment of specific clinical breakpoints for the development of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of DOXY in pigs. The meta‐analysis of 380 data sets, totaling 3295 plasma concentrations obtained from 300 pigs weighing 8.5–101 kg, was performed using a non‐linear mixed effect model. The plasma clearance for a typical 50 kg BW pig was estimated to be 0.259 L/kg/h with a corresponding plasma half‐life of 7.33 h. The bioavailability of DOXY administered in feed under field conditions was estimated to be 50%, with a large between‐subject variability of 84.8%. The bioavailability of DOXY in solution in drinking water was significantly lower (30.7%) but much less variable, with a between‐subject variability of 34.3%. Several dosing schedules (5 to 20 mg/kg per day) for two administration modalities (drinking water vs. food) were simulated to calculate the corresponding PK/PD cutoffs. The highest PK/PD cutoff of 0.50 mg/L was obtained for DOXY administered in feed at 20 mg/kg BW.