Biochar application to low fertility soils: A review of current status, and future prospects

Rapid industrial development and human activities have caused a degradation of soil quality and fertility. There is increasing interest in rehabilitating low fertility soils to improve crop yield and sustainability. Biochar, a carbonaceous material intentionally produced from biomass, is widely used...

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Published in	Geoderma Vol. 337; pp. 536 - 554
Main Authors	El-Naggar, Ali, Lee, Sang Soo, Rinklebe, Jörg, Farooq, Muhammad, Song, Hocheol, Sarmah, Ajit K., Zimmerman, Andrew R., Ahmad, Mahtab, Shaheen, Sabry M., Ok, Yong Sik
Format	Journal Article
Language	English
Published	Elsevier B.V 01.03.2019
Subjects	additives bioavailability biochar biomass Black carbon carbon Co-composted biochar coatings Composite material composting crop yield Designer biochar economic feasibility Engineered biochar industrialization mixing nutrients pyrolysis soil amendments Soil fertility soil quality soil types Designer biochar Co-composted biochar Engineered biochar Soil fertility Black carbon Composite material
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Abstract	Rapid industrial development and human activities have caused a degradation of soil quality and fertility. There is increasing interest in rehabilitating low fertility soils to improve crop yield and sustainability. Biochar, a carbonaceous material intentionally produced from biomass, is widely used as an amendment to improve soil fertility by retaining nutrients and, potentially, enhancing nutrient bioavailability. But, biochar is not a simple carbon material with uniform properties, so appropriate biochar selection must consider soil type and target crop. In this respect, many recent studies have evaluated several modification methods to maximize the effectiveness of biochar such as optimizing the pyrolysis process, mixing with other soil amendments, composting with other additives, activating by physicochemical processes, and coating with other organic materials. However, the economic feasibility of biochar application cannot be neglected. Strategies for reducing biochar losses and its application costs, and increasing its use efficiency need to be developed. This review synthesized current understanding and introduces holistic and practical approaches for biochar application to low fertility soils, with consideration of economic aspects. •Biochar has potential to be the best management practice for low fertility soils.•Biochar coating with organic materials can result in enhanced crop nutrient supply.•Biochar may accelerate the composting process and improve the end-product quality.•The influence of biochar varies strongly according to the types of feedstock/soil.
AbstractList	Rapid industrial development and human activities have caused a degradation of soil quality and fertility. There is increasing interest in rehabilitating low fertility soils to improve crop yield and sustainability. Biochar, a carbonaceous material intentionally produced from biomass, is widely used as an amendment to improve soil fertility by retaining nutrients and, potentially, enhancing nutrient bioavailability. But, biochar is not a simple carbon material with uniform properties, so appropriate biochar selection must consider soil type and target crop. In this respect, many recent studies have evaluated several modification methods to maximize the effectiveness of biochar such as optimizing the pyrolysis process, mixing with other soil amendments, composting with other additives, activating by physicochemical processes, and coating with other organic materials. However, the economic feasibility of biochar application cannot be neglected. Strategies for reducing biochar losses and its application costs, and increasing its use efficiency need to be developed. This review synthesized current understanding and introduces holistic and practical approaches for biochar application to low fertility soils, with consideration of economic aspects. Rapid industrial development and human activities have caused a degradation of soil quality and fertility. There is increasing interest in rehabilitating low fertility soils to improve crop yield and sustainability. Biochar, a carbonaceous material intentionally produced from biomass, is widely used as an amendment to improve soil fertility by retaining nutrients and, potentially, enhancing nutrient bioavailability. But, biochar is not a simple carbon material with uniform properties, so appropriate biochar selection must consider soil type and target crop. In this respect, many recent studies have evaluated several modification methods to maximize the effectiveness of biochar such as optimizing the pyrolysis process, mixing with other soil amendments, composting with other additives, activating by physicochemical processes, and coating with other organic materials. However, the economic feasibility of biochar application cannot be neglected. Strategies for reducing biochar losses and its application costs, and increasing its use efficiency need to be developed. This review synthesized current understanding and introduces holistic and practical approaches for biochar application to low fertility soils, with consideration of economic aspects. •Biochar has potential to be the best management practice for low fertility soils.•Biochar coating with organic materials can result in enhanced crop nutrient supply.•Biochar may accelerate the composting process and improve the end-product quality.•The influence of biochar varies strongly according to the types of feedstock/soil.
Author	Rinklebe, Jörg Zimmerman, Andrew R. Farooq, Muhammad Ok, Yong Sik Song, Hocheol Lee, Sang Soo Sarmah, Ajit K. Ahmad, Mahtab El-Naggar, Ali Shaheen, Sabry M.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Ali surname: El-Naggar fullname: El-Naggar, Ali organization: Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea – sequence: 2 givenname: Sang Soo surname: Lee fullname: Lee, Sang Soo organization: Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea – sequence: 3 givenname: Jörg surname: Rinklebe fullname: Rinklebe, Jörg organization: University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: Muhammad surname: Farooq fullname: Farooq, Muhammad organization: Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman – sequence: 5 givenname: Hocheol surname: Song fullname: Song, Hocheol organization: Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea – sequence: 6 givenname: Ajit K. surname: Sarmah fullname: Sarmah, Ajit K. organization: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand – sequence: 7 givenname: Andrew R. surname: Zimmerman fullname: Zimmerman, Andrew R. organization: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA – sequence: 8 givenname: Mahtab surname: Ahmad fullname: Ahmad, Mahtab organization: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan – sequence: 9 givenname: Sabry M. surname: Shaheen fullname: Shaheen, Sabry M. organization: University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany – sequence: 10 givenname: Yong Sik surname: Ok fullname: Ok, Yong Sik email: yongsikok@korea.ac.kr organization: Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI) & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Snippet	Rapid industrial development and human activities have caused a degradation of soil quality and fertility. There is increasing interest in rehabilitating low...
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SubjectTerms	additives bioavailability biochar biomass Black carbon carbon Co-composted biochar coatings Composite material composting crop yield Designer biochar economic feasibility Engineered biochar industrialization mixing nutrients pyrolysis soil amendments Soil fertility soil quality soil types
Title	Biochar application to low fertility soils: A review of current status, and future prospects
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