Physical properties of sago starch biocomposite filled with Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC) from rattan biomass: the effect of filler loading and co-plasticizer addition

• Published in: IOP conference series. Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 309; no. 1; pp. 12033 - 12038
• Main Authors: Nasution, H, Harahap, H, Al Fath, M T, Afandy, Y
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Bristol IOP Publishing 01.02.2018
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Biomass; Biomedical materials; Bleaching; Cellulose; Composite materials; Density; Fillers; Hydrogen peroxide; Nanocrystals; Physical properties; Plasticizers; Processing industry; Sodium nitrite; Sulfuric acid; Water absorption; Water vapor
• DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/309/1/012033
• ISSN: 1757-8981

Rattan biomass is an abundant bioresources from processing industry of rattan which contains 37.6% cellulose. The high cellulose contents of rattan biomass make it a source of nanocrystalline cellulose as a filler in biocomposites. Isolation of alpha cellulose from rattan biomass was being prepared by using three stages: delignification, alkalization, and bleaching. It was delignificated with 3.5% HNO3 and NaNO2, precipitated with 17.5% NaOH, bleaching process with 10% H2O2. Nanocrystal obtained through the hydrolysis of alpha cellulose using 45% H2SO4 and followed by mechanical steps of ultrasonication, centrifugation, and filtration with a dialysis membrane. Biocomposite was being prepared by using a solution casting method, which includes 1-4 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose from rattan biomass as fillers, 10-40 wt% acetic acid as co-plasticizer and 30 wt% glycerol as plasticizer. The biocomposite characteristic consists of density, water absorption, and water vapors transmission rate. The results showed the highest density values was 0.266 gram/cm3 obtained at an additional of 3 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose from rattan biomass and 30 wt% acetic acid. The lowest water absorption was 9.37% at an additional of 3 wt% nanocrystalline cellulose from rattan biomass and 10 wt% acetic acid. It was observed by the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose might also decrease the rate of water vapor transmission that compared to the non-filler biocomposite.