Does the Environment Moderate the Impact of a Mass Media Campaign to Promote Walking?
Purpose. To examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments. Design. Quasi-experimental study. Setting. Wheeling, West Virginia. Participants. Random sample of adults age 50 to 65 years, response rate: 72.1% (n = 719 in intervention commun...
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Published in | American journal of health promotion Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 45 - 48 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.09.2011
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Subjects | |
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Abstract | Purpose.
To examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments.
Design.
Quasi-experimental study.
Setting.
Wheeling, West Virginia.
Participants.
Random sample of adults age 50 to 65 years, response rate: 72.1% (n = 719 in intervention community, n = 753 in comparison community).
Intervention.
Mass media campaign.
Measures.
Self-reported measures were used in before and after telephone surveys for walking and the physical environment. Measures included 11 environmental walkability items, from which two subscales (i.e., usable sidewalks/aesthetics and facilities) were extracted.
Analysis.
Multiple linear regression.
Results.
Overall, walking increased by 2.7 minutes per week (standard deviation [SD] = 231.1, not significant [NS]). When confined to those insufficiently active at baseline (i.e., <30 minutes per day) the minutes walked increased by 92.1 minutes (SD = 152.9, p < .001). For the insufficiently active at baseline in the top half of the environmental factor of usable sidewalks, walking increased by 19 minutes more than in the bottom half (NS). For the factor of aesthetics and facilities, people in the more walkable environment increased walking by 87 minutes more than those in the bottom half (p < .001).
Conclusion.
In this community-wide physical activity, intervention changes in walking after the campaign were significantly moderated by some environmental attributes. This contributes to the limited evidence on the impact of the environment in enhancing community physical activity interventions. This finding needs to be replicated in other community interventions with greater environmental variation. |
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AbstractList | Purpose.
To examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments.
Design.
Quasi-experimental study.
Setting.
Wheeling, West Virginia.
Participants.
Random sample of adults age 50 to 65 years, response rate: 72.1% (n = 719 in intervention community, n = 753 in comparison community).
Intervention.
Mass media campaign.
Measures.
Self-reported measures were used in before and after telephone surveys for walking and the physical environment. Measures included 11 environmental walkability items, from which two subscales (i.e., usable sidewalks/aesthetics and facilities) were extracted.
Analysis.
Multiple linear regression.
Results.
Overall, walking increased by 2.7 minutes per week (standard deviation [SD] = 231.1, not significant [NS]). When confined to those insufficiently active at baseline (i.e., <30 minutes per day) the minutes walked increased by 92.1 minutes (SD = 152.9, p < .001). For the insufficiently active at baseline in the top half of the environmental factor of usable sidewalks, walking increased by 19 minutes more than in the bottom half (NS). For the factor of aesthetics and facilities, people in the more walkable environment increased walking by 87 minutes more than those in the bottom half (p < .001).
Conclusion.
In this community-wide physical activity, intervention changes in walking after the campaign were significantly moderated by some environmental attributes. This contributes to the limited evidence on the impact of the environment in enhancing community physical activity interventions. This finding needs to be replicated in other community interventions with greater environmental variation. PURPOSETo examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments.DESIGNQuasi-experimental study. Setting . Wheeling, West Virginia.PARTICIPANTSRandom sample of adults age 50 to 65 years, response rate: 72.1% (n = 719 in intervention community, n = 753 in comparison community).INTERVENTIONMass media campaign.MEASURESSelf-reported measures were used in before and after telephone surveys for walking and the physical environment. Measures included 11 environmental walkability items, from which two subscales (i.e., usable sidewalks/aesthetics and facilities) were extracted.ANALYSISMultiple linear regression.RESULTSOverall, walking increased by 2.7 minutes per week (standard deviation [SD] = 231.1, not significant [NS]). When confined to those insufficiently active at baseline (i.e., <30 minutes per day) the minutes walked increased by 92.1 minutes (SD = 152.9, p < .001). For the insufficiently active at baseline in the top half of the environmental factor of usable sidewalks, walking increased by 19 minutes more than in the bottom half (NS). For the factor of aesthetics and facilities, people in the more walkable environment increased walking by 87 minutes more than those in the bottom half (p < .001).CONCLUSIONIn this community-wide physical activity, intervention changes in walking after the campaign were significantly moderated by some environmental attributes. This contributes to the limited evidence on the impact of the environment in enhancing community physical activity interventions. This finding needs to be replicated in other community interventions with greater environmental variation. To examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments. Quasi-experimental study. Setting . Wheeling, West Virginia. Random sample of adults age 50 to 65 years, response rate: 72.1% (n = 719 in intervention community, n = 753 in comparison community). Mass media campaign. Self-reported measures were used in before and after telephone surveys for walking and the physical environment. Measures included 11 environmental walkability items, from which two subscales (i.e., usable sidewalks/aesthetics and facilities) were extracted. Multiple linear regression. Overall, walking increased by 2.7 minutes per week (standard deviation [SD] = 231.1, not significant [NS]). When confined to those insufficiently active at baseline (i.e., <30 minutes per day) the minutes walked increased by 92.1 minutes (SD = 152.9, p < .001). For the insufficiently active at baseline in the top half of the environmental factor of usable sidewalks, walking increased by 19 minutes more than in the bottom half (NS). For the factor of aesthetics and facilities, people in the more walkable environment increased walking by 87 minutes more than those in the bottom half (p < .001). In this community-wide physical activity, intervention changes in walking after the campaign were significantly moderated by some environmental attributes. This contributes to the limited evidence on the impact of the environment in enhancing community physical activity interventions. This finding needs to be replicated in other community interventions with greater environmental variation. Purpose. To examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments. Design. Quasi-experimental study. Setting. Wheeling, West Virginia. Participants. Random sample of adults age 50 to 65 years, response rate: 72.1% (n = 719 in intervention community, n = 753 in comparison community). Intervention. Mass media campaign. Measures. Self-reported measures were used in before and after telephone surveys for walking and the physical environment. Measures included 11 environmental walkability items, from which two subscales (i.e., usable sidewalks/aesthetics and facilities) were extracted. Analysis. Multiple linear regression. Results. Overall, walking increased by 2.7 minutes per week (standard deviation [SD] = 231.1, not significant [NS]). When confined to those insufficiently active at baseline (i.e., <30 minutes per day) the minutes walked increased by 92.1 minutes (SD = 152.9, p < .001). For the insufficiently active at baseline in the top half of the environmental factor of usable sidewalks, walking increased by 19 minutes more than in the bottom half (NS). For the factor of aesthetics and facilities, people in the more walkable environment increased walking by 87 minutes more than those in the bottom half (p < .001). Conclusion. In this community-wide physical activity, intervention changes in walking after the campaign were significantly moderated by some environmental attributes. This contributes to the limited evidence on the impact of the environment in enhancing community physical activity interventions. This finding needs to be replicated in other community interventions with greater environmental variation. |
Author | Bauman, Adrian E. Gebel, Klaus Reger-Nash, Bill Leyden, Kevin M. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Klaus surname: Gebel fullname: Gebel, Klaus organization: Klaus Gebel, PhD, and Adrian E. Bauman, PhD, are with the Cluster for Physical Activity and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia. Bill Reger-Nash, EdD, is with the School of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Kevin M. Leyden, PhD, is with the Institute for Public Affairs, Department of Political Science, West Virginia University, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia – sequence: 2 givenname: Adrian E. surname: Bauman fullname: Bauman, Adrian E. email: adrian.bauman@sydney.edu.au organization: Klaus Gebel, PhD, and Adrian E. Bauman, PhD, are with the Cluster for Physical Activity and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia. Bill Reger-Nash, EdD, is with the School of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Kevin M. Leyden, PhD, is with the Institute for Public Affairs, Department of Political Science, West Virginia University, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia – sequence: 3 givenname: Bill surname: Reger-Nash fullname: Reger-Nash, Bill organization: Klaus Gebel, PhD, and Adrian E. Bauman, PhD, are with the Cluster for Physical Activity and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia. Bill Reger-Nash, EdD, is with the School of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Kevin M. Leyden, PhD, is with the Institute for Public Affairs, Department of Political Science, West Virginia University, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia – sequence: 4 givenname: Kevin M. surname: Leyden fullname: Leyden, Kevin M. organization: Klaus Gebel, PhD, and Adrian E. Bauman, PhD, are with the Cluster for Physical Activity and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia. Bill Reger-Nash, EdD, is with the School of Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia. Kevin M. Leyden, PhD, is with the Institute for Public Affairs, Department of Political Science, West Virginia University, Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, Morgantown, West Virginia |
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Keywords | Social Marketing Strategy: education, built environment Manuscript format: research Outcome measure: behavioral Health focus: fitness/physical activity Physical Activity Prevention Research Target population age: adults Neighborhood Walking Study design: quasi-experimental Target population circumstances: geographic location Environment Research purpose: modeling/relationship testing Effect Modifiers Setting: local community |
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References | Bauman 2005; 59 Gebel, Bauman, Owen 2009; 37 Reger, Cooper, Booth-Butterfield 2002; 35 Owen, Humpel, Leslie 2004; 27 Brug, van Lenthe, Kremers 2006; 31 Haskell, Lee, Pate 2007; 39 Handy, Cao, Mokhtarian 2008; 22 Brownson, Hagood, Lovegreen 2005; 41 Saelens, Handy 2008; 40 bibr4-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 bibr8-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 bibr2-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 bibr1-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 bibr3-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 bibr5-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 bibr7-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 bibr9-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 bibr6-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 |
References_xml | – volume: 59 start-page: 535 year: 2005 end-page: 536 article-title: The physical environment and physical activity: moving from ecological associations to intervention evidence publication-title: J Epidemiol Community Health. contributor: fullname: Bauman – volume: 35 start-page: 285 year: 2002 end-page: 292 article-title: Wheeling Walks: a community campaign using paid media to encourage walking among sedentary older adults publication-title: Prev Med. contributor: fullname: Booth-Butterfield – volume: 40 start-page: S550 year: 2008 end-page: S566 article-title: Built environment correlates of walking: a review publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc. contributor: fullname: Handy – volume: 27 start-page: 67 year: 2004 end-page: 76 article-title: Understanding environmental influences on walking: review and research agenda publication-title: Am J Prev Med. contributor: fullname: Leslie – volume: 22 start-page: 350 year: 2008 end-page: 358 article-title: The causal influence of neighborhood design on physical activity within the neighborhood: evidence from Northern California publication-title: Am J Health Promot. contributor: fullname: Mokhtarian – volume: 31 start-page: 525 year: 2006 end-page: 529 article-title: Revisiting Kurt Lewin: how to gain insight into environmental correlates of obesogenic behaviors publication-title: Am J Prev Med. contributor: fullname: Kremers – volume: 41 start-page: 837 year: 2005 end-page: 842 article-title: A multilevel ecological approach to promoting walking in rural communities publication-title: Prev Med. contributor: fullname: Lovegreen – volume: 37 start-page: 228 year: 2009 end-page: 238 article-title: Correlates of non-concordance between perceived and objective measures of walkability publication-title: Ann Behav Med. contributor: fullname: Owen – volume: 39 start-page: 1423 year: 2007 end-page: 1434 article-title: Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association publication-title: Med Sci Sports Exerc. contributor: fullname: Pate – ident: bibr3-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.09.004 – ident: bibr4-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 doi: 10.1006/pmed.2002.1074 – ident: bibr6-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.03.006 – ident: bibr7-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31817c67a4 – ident: bibr8-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.016 – ident: bibr5-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27 – ident: bibr2-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 doi: 10.4278/ajhp.22.5.350 – ident: bibr1-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 doi: 10.1136/jech.2004.032342 – ident: bibr9-ajhp.081104-ARB-269 doi: 10.1007/s12160-009-9098-3 |
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Snippet | Purpose.
To examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments.
Design.
Quasi-experimental study.... To examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments. Quasi-experimental study. Setting . Wheeling,... Purpose. To examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments. Design. Quasi-experimental study.... PURPOSETo examine if a mass media campaign influenced walking differently in people in different physical environments.DESIGNQuasi-experimental study. Setting... |
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SubjectTerms | Aged Environment Design Female Health Promotion - methods Health Status Indicators Health technology assessment Humans Linear Models Longitudinal Studies Male Mass Media Middle Aged Motor Activity Odds Ratio Residence Characteristics Self Report Social Marketing Walking - physiology |
Title | Does the Environment Moderate the Impact of a Mass Media Campaign to Promote Walking? |
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