Cytokinins combined with activated charcoal do not impair in vitro rooting in Quercus robur L.: insights from morphophysiological and hormonal analyses

• Published in: BMC plant biology Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 1005 - 14
• Main Authors: Martins, João Paulo Rodrigues, Mokhtari, Amir Mohammad, Wawrzyniak, Mikołaj Krzysztof
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 01.08.2025; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Activated carbon; Activated charcoal; Auxin; Auxins; Benzyl Compounds - pharmacology; Benzyladenine; Botanical research; Botany; Carbon, Activated; Charcoal; Charcoal - pharmacology; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll a fluorescence; Cytokinins; Cytokinins - metabolism; Cytokinins - pharmacology; Development; English oak; Environmental aspects; Explants; Indoleacetic acid; Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism; Jasmonic acid; Leaves; Morphology; Pedunculate oak; Photosystem II; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Plant anatomy; Plant growth regulator; Plant Growth Regulators - metabolism; Plant Growth Regulators - pharmacology; Plant Roots - drug effects; Plant Roots - growth & development; Plant Shoots - drug effects; Plant Shoots - growth & development; Plantlets; Plants; Production processes; Purines; Quercus - anatomy & histology; Quercus - drug effects; Quercus - growth & development; Quercus - metabolism; Quercus robur; Rooting; Software; Sucrose; Poland; Germany; Chlorophyll a fluorescence; Pedunculate oak; Plant growth regulator; Plant anatomy

In vitro rooting remains a challenge for many woody species, including Quercus robur. While auxins combined with activated charcoal (AC) have traditionally been used, Q. robur explants exhibit a strong dependence on cytokinins (CKs). This study introduces a novel approach combining AC with either 6-...