Nutritional analysis, volatile composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Australian green ants (Oecophylla smaragdina)

•Nutritional composition is varied in different body regions of green ants.•Whole ant and ant upper body regions exhibit high antimicrobial activity.•Antioxidant activity was found to be higher in whole ants.•Abdomen and whole ants presented higher folate content. Edible green ants (Oecophylla smara...

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Published inFuture foods : a dedicated journal for sustainability in food science Vol. 3; p. 100007
Main Authors Alagappan, Shanmugam, Chaliha, Mridusmita, Sultanbawa, Yasmina, Fuller, Steve, Hoffman, Louwrens  C., Netzel, Gabriele, Weber, Nadine, Rychlik, Michael, Cozzolino, Daniel, Smyth, Heather  E., Olarte Mantilla, Sandra  M.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 01.06.2021
Elsevier
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Abstract •Nutritional composition is varied in different body regions of green ants.•Whole ant and ant upper body regions exhibit high antimicrobial activity.•Antioxidant activity was found to be higher in whole ants.•Abdomen and whole ants presented higher folate content. Edible green ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) are distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, and are known for their pharmacological and nutritional applications, yet various properties are to be explored. Nutritional value, volatile compounds, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential were determined in four body regions [ant nest, whole ant, anterior part of the body, and gaster]. Proximate analysis revealed the anterior part have higher protein and fibre content, whilst fat content was higher in the gaster. GC–MS analysis revealed the complexity of ant nest with most compounds being organic acids, alcohols and alkanes. Antimicrobial activity was observed for whole ants (ZOI: 13.3 ± 0.8 mm) and anterior part (ZOI: 11.9 ± 0.5 mm) methanol extracted against Staphylococcus aureus (~104 CFU/ml). Whole ants methanol (813 ± 22.6 µg TROLOX eq/g of DW) and water (617.6 ± 59.2 µg TROLOX eq/g of DW) extracted exhibited higher free radical scavenging capacity amongst the four ant body regions. Whole ants water extracted (7 ± 0.4 mg GAE/g of DW) had the highest total phenolic content. In the methanol extracts, the gaster (6.2 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g of DW) exhibited the highest phenolic content. Whole ants exhibit good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and considerable folate content.
AbstractList •Nutritional composition is varied in different body regions of green ants.•Whole ant and ant upper body regions exhibit high antimicrobial activity.•Antioxidant activity was found to be higher in whole ants.•Abdomen and whole ants presented higher folate content. Edible green ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) are distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, and are known for their pharmacological and nutritional applications, yet various properties are to be explored. Nutritional value, volatile compounds, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential were determined in four body regions [ant nest, whole ant, anterior part of the body, and gaster]. Proximate analysis revealed the anterior part have higher protein and fibre content, whilst fat content was higher in the gaster. GC–MS analysis revealed the complexity of ant nest with most compounds being organic acids, alcohols and alkanes. Antimicrobial activity was observed for whole ants (ZOI: 13.3 ± 0.8 mm) and anterior part (ZOI: 11.9 ± 0.5 mm) methanol extracted against Staphylococcus aureus (~104 CFU/ml). Whole ants methanol (813 ± 22.6 µg TROLOX eq/g of DW) and water (617.6 ± 59.2 µg TROLOX eq/g of DW) extracted exhibited higher free radical scavenging capacity amongst the four ant body regions. Whole ants water extracted (7 ± 0.4 mg GAE/g of DW) had the highest total phenolic content. In the methanol extracts, the gaster (6.2 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g of DW) exhibited the highest phenolic content. Whole ants exhibit good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and considerable folate content.
Edible green ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) are distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, and are known for their pharmacological and nutritional applications, yet various properties are to be explored. Nutritional value, volatile compounds, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential were determined in four body regions [ant nest, whole ant, anterior part of the body, and gaster]. Proximate analysis revealed the anterior part have higher protein and fibre content, whilst fat content was higher in the gaster. GC–MS analysis revealed the complexity of ant nest with most compounds being organic acids, alcohols and alkanes. Antimicrobial activity was observed for whole ants (ZOI: 13.3 ± 0.8 mm) and anterior part (ZOI: 11.9 ± 0.5 mm) methanol extracted against Staphylococcus aureus (~104 CFU/ml). Whole ants methanol (813 ± 22.6 µg TROLOX eq/g of DW) and water (617.6 ± 59.2 µg TROLOX eq/g of DW) extracted exhibited higher free radical scavenging capacity amongst the four ant body regions. Whole ants water extracted (7 ± 0.4 mg GAE/g of DW) had the highest total phenolic content. In the methanol extracts, the gaster (6.2 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g of DW) exhibited the highest phenolic content. Whole ants exhibit good antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and considerable folate content.
ArticleNumber 100007
Author Smyth, Heather  E.
Netzel, Gabriele
Alagappan, Shanmugam
Chaliha, Mridusmita
Fuller, Steve
Hoffman, Louwrens  C.
Rychlik, Michael
Olarte Mantilla, Sandra  M.
Cozzolino, Daniel
Weber, Nadine
Sultanbawa, Yasmina
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  surname: Weber
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  organization: Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
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  givenname: Michael
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  fullname: Rychlik, Michael
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  givenname: Sandra  M.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3173-0773
  surname: Olarte Mantilla
  fullname: Olarte Mantilla, Sandra  M.
  email: s.olartemantilla@uq.edu.au
  organization: Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Keywords Green ants
Antimicrobial activity
CFU
DW
ZOI
Antioxidant activity
Entomophagy
Folates
GAE
Volatile compounds
Language English
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Snippet •Nutritional composition is varied in different body regions of green ants.•Whole ant and ant upper body regions exhibit high antimicrobial...
Edible green ants (Oecophylla smaragdina) are distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, and are known for their pharmacological and nutritional...
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StartPage 100007
SubjectTerms Antimicrobial activity
Antioxidant activity
Entomophagy
Folates
Green ants
Volatile compounds
Title Nutritional analysis, volatile composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Australian green ants (Oecophylla smaragdina)
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2020.100007
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