A review of Human Biomonitoring studies of trace elements in Pakistan

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 163; pp. 153 - 176
• Main Authors: Waseem, Amir, Arshad, Jahanzaib
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2016
• Subjects: arsenic; Arsenic - analysis; blood; Blood Chemical Analysis; cadmium; Cadmium - analysis; Case-control studies; chromium; Chromium - analysis; copper; Copper - analysis; Cross-Sectional Studies; environmental monitoring; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Hair - chemistry; Heavy Metal Poisoning; heavy metals; Human biomonitoring; Humans; iron; lead; manganese; Manganese - analysis; metabolites; Metals, Heavy - analysis; Nails - chemistry; nickel; Nickel - analysis; Pakistan; Physiological fluids; Poisoning; Risk Assessment; risk management; tissues; toxicity; Trace Elements - analysis; Trace metals; United States; urine; Urine - chemistry; zinc; Zinc - analysis; Pakistan; United States; Human biomonitoring; Case-control studies; Physiological fluids; Trace metals

Human biomonitoring (HBM) measures the concentration levels of substances or their metabolites in human body fluids and tissues. HBM of dose and biochemical effect monitoring is an effective way of measuring human exposure to chemical substances. Many countries have conducted HBM studies to develop...