Synergistic effects between codeine and diclofenac after local, spinal and systemic administration

• Published in: Pharmacology, biochemistry and behavior Vol. 76; no. 3; pp. 463 - 471
• Main Authors: Jiménez-Andrade, Juan M, Ortiz, Mario I, Pérez-Urizar, José, Aguirre-Bañuelos, Patricia, Granados-Soto, Vinicio, Castañeda-Hernández, Gilberto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.12.2003; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - administration & dosage; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - pharmacology; Antinociception; Biological and medical sciences; Codeine; Codeine - administration & dosage; Codeine - pharmacology; Diclofenac; Diclofenac - administration & dosage; Diclofenac - pharmacology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Foot; Formaldehyde; Injections; Injections, Spinal; Male; Medical sciences; Neuropharmacology; Pain Measurement - drug effects; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Synergistic; Synergistic; Antinociception; Codeine; Diclofenac; Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase; Rat; Opiates; Systemic route; Narcotic analgesic; Local administration; Pain; Drug interaction; Nociception; Drug combination; Enzyme; Treatment efficiency; Rodentia; Oral administration; Enzyme inhibitor; Intrathecal administration; Biological activity; Non steroidal antiinflammatory agent; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Analgesic; Arylacetic acid derivatives; Animal; Oxidoreductases; Comparative study

This study was designed to evaluate the extent of the antinociceptive interaction between codeine and diclofenac at the local, spinal and systemic level. The effects of individual and fixed-ratio combinations of locally, spinally or orally given codeine and diclofenac were assayed using the formalin...