The ras oncogene--an important regulatory element in lower eucaryotic organisms
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| Published in | Microbiological Reviews Vol. 53; no. 2; pp. 171 - 185 |
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| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
01.06.1989
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The ras proto-oncogene in mammalian cells encodes a 21-kilodalton guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein. This gene is frequently activated in human cancer. As one approach toward understanding the mechanisms of cellular transformation by ras, the function of this gene in lower eucaryotic organisms has been studied. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the RAS gene products serve as essential function by regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate metabolism. Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase is dependent not only on RAS protein complexed to GTP, but also on the CDC25 and IRA gene products, which appear to control the RAS GTP-guanosine diphosphate cycle. Although analysis of RAS biochemistry in S. cerevisiae has identified mechanisms central to RAS action, RAS regulation of adenylyl cyclase appears to be strictly limited to this particular organism. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Dictyostelium discoideum, and Drosophila melanogaster, ras-encoded proteins are not involved with regulation of adenylyl cyclase, similar to what is observed in mammalian cells. However, the ras gene product in these other lower eucaryotes is clearly required for appropriate responses to extracellular signals such as mating factors and chemoattractants and for normal growth and development of the organism. The identification of other GTP-binding proteins in S. cerevisiae with distinct yet essential functions underscores the fundamental importance of G-protein regulatory processes in normal cell physiology. The ras proto-oncogene in mammalian cells encodes a 21-kilodalton guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein. This gene is frequently activated in human cancer. As one approach toward understanding the mechanisms of cellular transformation by ras , the function of this gene in lower eucaryotic organisms has been studied. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the RAS gene products serve an essential function by regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate metabolism. Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase is dependent not only on RAS protein complexed to GTP, but also on the CDC25 and IRA gene products, which appear to control the RAS GTP-guanosine diphosphate cycle. Although analysis of RAS biochemistry in S. cerevisiae has identified mechanisms central to RAS action, RAS regulation of adenylyl cyclase appears to be strictly limited to this particular organism. |
| Author | J B Gibbs M S Marshall |
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| Keywords | Gene product Cyclic AMP Review Biological activity Fungi Characterization Proteins Regulation(control) Gene C-Onc gene Ascomycetes Saccharomyces cerevisiae Thallophyta |
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Mendeley... The ras proto-oncogene in mammalian cells encodes a 21-kilodalton guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein. This gene is frequently activated in human... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adenylyl Cyclases - metabolism Biological and medical sciences Cell Physiological Phenomena Cyclic AMP - metabolism Eukaryotic Cells - physiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungal Proteins - genetics Fungal Proteins - metabolism Genes, ras Growth, nutrition, metabolism, transports, enzymes. Molecular biology Microbiology Mycology Proto-Oncogene Proteins - genetics Proto-Oncogene Proteins - physiology Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ras Proteins Saccharomyces cerevisiae Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics |
| Title | The ras oncogene--an important regulatory element in lower eucaryotic organisms |
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