Soil phosphorus crisis in the Tibetan alpine permafrost region

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 6204 - 13
• Main Authors: Hong, Jiangtao, Pang, Bo, Zhao, Lirong, Shu, Shumiao, Feng, Puyu, Liu, Fang, Du, Ziyin, Wang, Xiaodan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 05.07.2025; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 704/158/47/4112; 704/47/4112; Climate change; Ecosystems; Humanities and Social Sciences; multidisciplinary; Net losses; Normal distribution; Nutrients; Permafrost; Phosphorus; Resampling; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Soil dynamics; Water erosion; Tibetan Plateau
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-61501-x
• ISSN: 2041-1723

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for living systems and is critical to the functioning of ecosystems. Permafrost areas have a huge reservoir of soil P that is currently not used very much; however, the direction and magnitude of changes in soil P stocks across the Tibetan alpine permafrost regions over recent decades remain unclear and the P budget has not been well assessed. Here we use a unique combination of a soil resampling method and a modified process-balanced model to assess the historical dynamics of soil P pools (0–30 cm depth) and the key flows of P in ecosystems across Tibetan alpine permafrost region. Compared with the 1980s, the soil P stock decreases dramatically by 36.1% in the 2020 s, decreasing from 346.5 to 221.4 Tg P (1 Tg = 10 12  g) during the last three decades. Water erosion accounts for 82.3% of the total soil P outflow. Our projections suggest that the soil P stock will only be 20.3% of the 1980s stock by the end of this century, leading to an unprecedented crisis of P limitation in permafrost regions. Phosphorus is vital for permafrost ecosystems. Here, the authors combine soil resampling with a modified process-balanced model to assess the historical changes of soil phosphorus and the key flows of phosphorus across the Tibetan permafrost region.