Objective evaluation of coordinative abilities and training effectiveness in sports scenarios: an automated measurement protocol

• Published in: IEEE access Vol. 11; p. 1
• Main Authors: Carissimo, Chiara, Cerro, Gianni, Di Libero, Tommaso, Ferrigno, Luigi, Marino, Alessandro, Rodio, Angelo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Piscataway IEEE 01.01.2023; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Acceleration; Accelerometers; Algorithms; Automation; Data acquisition; Fatigue tests; Frequency spectrum; Human motion; IMU Sensors; Measurement Protocol; Performance evaluation; Protocol; Protocols; Reaction Time; Reduction; Reproducibility; Sports; Tapping Test; Time factors; Time measurement; Training; Viscoelasticity; Visualization; Wearable computers; Wearable technology
• ISSN: 2169-3536; 2169-3536
• DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3290471

The monitoring of coordinative abilities in sports applications is often carried out by trainers that adopt subjective protocols and evaluations not supported by repeatable and reproducible measurement setups. This often leads to unreliable evaluations that do not allow us to simply quantify the positive or negative effect of some training. In this scenario, the rapid spreading of wearable devices able to capture human movements providing data to the users could be a useful instrument to face the problem of simplifying the development of automated, repeatable, and reproducible measurement procedures easily adoptable by a community of athletes or coaches. Following this path, the paper proposes an automatic measurement protocol for the assessment of coordinative abilities based on the use of IMUs embedded in wearable devices. A new protocol based on ruler and tapping tests and a set of objective key performance indicators, derived from IMU measurements, to evaluate the outcome of the test is then developed. In detail, the protocol is based on the sequence 1) ruler test; 2) tapping test; 3) ruler test. The tapping test is performed until energy exhaustion to try and identify, from inertial data, features that can describe possible fatigue effects and correlations with reaction time. Ruler tests are adopted to evaluate the reaction time. The first ruler test provides reaction time information in rest conditions, while the last one considers it after a repeated movement. The comparison of these two times will show whether the reaction time changes after a fatigue condition. An algorithm capable of calculating the number of tapping and the reaction time of each subject is implemented to evaluate the accelerometric data acquired during the tests. Therefore, the impact of the work is two-fold: from an engineering point of view, the automation and performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm is provided; from a sport-medical perspective, the main finding is a general reduction of the reaction time after the energy-exhausting tapping test, as if this last could be considered as a powerful warm-up exercise for sports people. Two are the main results achieved: i) the proposed protocol allows a reduction of the reactions time in about the 83% of cases; ii) the proposed measurement systems allows obtaining, regarding the tapping test, additional very useful quantities as the tap intertemps, frequency spectra, and acceleration excursions, which typically are not provided in state-of-the-art tapping test execution.